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What is user interface design?
A. Creating an app.
B. Making an application look pretty.
C. Designing software around the needs of a user.
D. Making an app run fast.
In user interface design, the process of talking to users about their needs for an application is ___________
A. User testing.
B. Information architecture.
C. User analysis.
D. Wireframing.
Which of these is TRUE regarding usability testing?
A. Usability testing should only rely on experts in software development.
B. Only designers will know what should be included in an app or software.
C. An expert might not offer an objective view because they are too close to the development.
D. Usability testing is only important to app developers.
Tell me about a project that challenged you. How did you work through the challenge?
What kind of research methods do you use in your CSC 484 team project?
How do you validate your design decisions?
UX - User Experience
Encompasses all aspects of the end-user’s interaction with the company, its services, and its products.
Includes physical aspects and emotional aspects.
First usage, service, and maintenance.
UI - User Interface
the look, feel, and interactivity of a digital product
the cosmetics of the experience
represents how users interact with and experience products or services
includes brand expression, visual communication, typography, color, spacing, grids, icons, and buttons
UX Designer Tasks
conducts research
identifies the user’s core needs
creates task flows and works through prototypes
UI Designer Tasks
composes layouts
creates a visual system
builds mockups
focus on _________, not functionalities
interactions
functionality only if _______________________
it directly affects interaction
Why is UI/UX so important?
deal with users’s needs
meet product goals
repeat usage
recommend to others
Need to take into account when designing:
who the users are
what activities are being carried out
where interaction is taking place
optimize the __________ users have with a product so that they match the users’ activities and needs
interactions
What is interaction design?
the umbrella term covering:
fundamental to all disciplines, fields, and approaches concerned with researching and designing computer-based systems for people
“Designing interactive products to support the way people communicate and interact in their everyday and working lives”
“The design of spaces for human communication and interaction”
Interaction design involves:
understanding users
designing and developing usable products
including users in the design process
Understanding users includes:
understand how to design interactive products that fit with what people want, need and desire
appreciate that one size does not fit all
identify any incorrect assumptions they may have about particular user groups
Characteristics of interaction design:
users should be involved throughout the development of the project
specific usability and user experience goals need to be identified, clearly documented, and agreed to at the beginning of the project
iteration is needed through the core activities
What is design?
“It is not just what it looks like and feels like. Design is how it works.”
Guidance in interaction design
accessibility
inclusiveness
disabilities
cultural differences
User experience vs usability - UX
UX addresses how a user feels when using a system
UX encompasses an end user’s entire experience with a product
User experience vs usability - usability
Usability is about the user-friendliness and efficiency of the interface
Usability refers to how successfully a user can use a product to accomplish a specific goal
Usability goals
effective to use
efficient to use
safe to use
have good utility
easy to learn
easy to remember how to use
UX goals - desirable
satisfying
helpful
fun
rewarding
exciting
entertaining
engaging
challenging
surprising
emotionally fulfilling
supporting creativity
enhancing socialility
UX goals - undesirable
boring
unpleasant
frustrating
annoying
cutesy
childish
gimmicky
making one feel stupid
design principles
generalizable abstractions for thinking about different aspects of design
the do’s and donts of interaction design
what to provide and what not to provide at the interface
derived from theory based knowledge, experience and common sense
___________________ is concerned with designing interactive products to support how people communicate and interact in their everyday and working lives
interaction design
It is concerned with how to ________________________ for services, devices, and interactive products
create quality user experiences
It is ______________ involving many inputs from wide reaching disciplines and fields
multidisciplinary
_________________________ between users and interactive products requires consideration of a number of _________________ including context of use, types of activity, UX goals, accessibility, cultural differences, and user groups
optimizing the interaction, interdependent factors
design principles, such as _________________ are useful __________ for informing, analyzing, and evaluating aspects of an interactive product
feedback and simplicity, heuristics
____________ refers to ensuring that interactive products are easy to learn, effective to use, and enjoyable from the user’s perspective
usability
What is lean user experience?
is about validating hypotheses
is user centered
is agile
is data driven
is fast and cheap
is iterative
Traditional Design -- literally just waterfall
revolves around fulfilling a designer or product owner’s vision
waterfall model makes it hard to recover from mistakes in UI design
users are not involved in validation until testing
flaws often cause changes in requirements and design
Iterative Design -- spiral model
lots of prototypes
later iterations have richer implementations
more iterations means better UI
only mature iterations get released
Lean UX Design Description
a user-centered design process that embraces Lean and Agile development methodology to reduce waste and build user centered products
relies on a collaborative approach and rapid prototyping to get user feedback by exposing a MVP to users as early as possible
Early Validation
figure out if people will buy our product before we build it
learn which research methods are best for early validation
understand user pain in order to build a more compelling product
Lean UX looks at a product as a ____________________
set of hypotheses to be validated
How to write a hypothesis
We believe that [creating this experience]
for [persona]
will achieve [this outcome]
A _________ is the group of people we think might want to buy our products
market
A ____________ is the reason that those people are going to use our product
problem
A __________ is simply the way that we are going to solve the user’s problem
product
Tools for early validation
ethnographic studies (listening to your users)
landing page tests (tests market)
prototype tests (tests pain points for users)
Interaction design (IxD) definition
a field of design that focuses on designing interactive digital products, systems, and services
Four approaches to interaction design
user centered design
activity centered design
systems design
genius design
What is a user-centered approach?
early focus on users and tasks
empirical measurement
iterative design
The double diamond of design
Discover - insight into the problem
Define - the area to focus upon
Develop - potential solutions
Deliver - solutions that work
How to choose among alternative designs?
technical feasibility
evaluation with users or peers
quality thresholds
Four activities in the interaction design process
Discovering requirements
Designing alternatives
Prototyping
Evaluating
Three principles of user-centered design
early focus on users and tasks
empirical measurement using quantifiable and measurable usability criteria
iterative design
What is design thinking?
a formalized framework of applying the creative design process to traditional business problems
Design thinking involves:
empathizing with users
generating creative ideas
prototyping
testing solutions
Steps of the design thinking process:
empathize
define
ideate
prototype
test
implement
Empathy Maps
says, thinks, does, feels
widely used in agile and design communities
mapping process shows any holes in user data
Empathy maps should be used throughout any UX process to ____________________
establish common ground among team members and to understand and prioritize user needs
Benefits of empathy maps
capture who a user or persona is
communicate a user or persona to others
Best practices for design thinking
flexibility - adapt to fit your needs
scalability - think bigger
Proof of concept
conceptualize what the proposed product will do
Why the need to conceptualize design?
to scrutinize vague ideas and assumptions about the benefits of the proposed product in terms of their feasibility
What is an assumption?
taking something for granted when it needs further investigation
What is a claim?
A claim is stating something to be true when it is still open to question
Benefits of conceptualizing
orientation
open minded
common ground
A conceptual model is ______________
a high level description of how a system is organized and operates
A conceptual model enables _____________
designers to straighten out their thinking before they start laying out their widgets
Components of conceptual model
metaphors and analogies
concepts that people are exposed to through the product
relationship and mappings between these concepts
Interface metaphors
interface designed to be similar to a physical entity but also has own properties
Benefits of interface metaphors
makes learning new systems easier
helps users understand the underlying conceptual model
can be very innovative and enable the realm of computers and their applications to be made more accessible to a greater diversity of users
Problems with interface metaphors
break conventional and cultural rules
can constrain designers
conflicts with design principles
designers can inadvertently use bad existing designs and transfer the bad parts over
limits designers imagination
Interaction types
instructing
conversing
manipulating
exploring
responding
instructing
where a user instructs a system and tells it what to do, supports quick and efficient interaction
conversing
underlying model of having a conversation with another human
manipulating
dragging, selecting, opening, closing and zooming actions on virtual objects
Direct Manipulation
core properties:
continuous representation of objects and actions of interest
physical actions and button pressing instead of issuing commands with complex syntax
rapid reversible actions with immediate feedback on object of interest
exploring
involves moving through virtual or physical environments
responding
system takes the initiative to alert user to something that it thinks is of interest
______________ is good for doing types of tasks (designing, drawing, …)
direct manipulation
______________ is good for repetitive tasks (spell checking)
issuing instructions
______________________ is good for certain services (requesting music)
having a conversation
_________________ are good for supporting multiple ways of carrying out the same actions
hybrid conceptual models
Which interaction type to choose?
need to determine requirements and user needs
take budget and constraints into account
suitability of technology
Interaction type
a description of what the user is doing when interacting with a system (talking, browsing, responding)
Interface style
the kind of interface used to support the interaction (menu-based, voice, gesture)
New paradigms in HCI
ubiquitous computing
pervasive computing
wearable computing
internet of things
theory
explanation of a phenomenon
model
a simplification of an HCI phenomenon
framework
set of interrelated concepts and/or specific questions for ‘what to look for’
What is cognition?
thinking, remembering, learning, …
Cognitive processes
attention, perception, memory, learning…
Attention
selecting things on which to concentrate at a point in time from the mass of stimuli around us
Design recommendation: information at the interface should be structured to capture users’ attention
________ can cause people to lose their train of thought, make errors, and need to start over
multitasking
perception
how information is acquired from the world and transformed into experiences
design implications: icons should be legible and distinguished, bordering and spacing are effective visual ways of grouping information
memory
involves recalling various kinds of knowledge that allow people to act appropriately
design implications: design interfaces that promote recognition rather than recall
learning
involves the accumulation of skills and knowledge involving memory
design implications: encourage exploration
mental models
users develop an understanding of a system through learning about and using it
information processing
conceptualizes human performance in metaphorical terms of information processing stages
What are requirements?
a statement about an intended product that specifies what it is expected to do or how it will perform
User stories
The seven product dimensions
user
interface
action
data
control
environment
quality attribute
personas
capture a set of user characteristics
Note
Flashcard