Bacterial Pathogens - Final

Acinetobacter baumannii

gram-negative, “iraqibacter”, uses type IV pilus

Bordetella pertussis

gram-negative, causes whooping cough in humans, pertussis toxin disrupts signaling pathways of the immune system

Campylobacter spp.

gram-negative, causes Campylobacteriosis (diarrhea)

Chlamydia trachomatis

gram-negative, causes chlamydia

Escherichia coli

gram-negative, can cause UTIs or intestinal infections

Haemophilus ducreyi

gram-negative, causes chancroid, contains LOS

Haemophilus influenzae

gram-negative, can cause meningitis or pneumonae or bacteremia, contains LOS

Helicobacter pylori

gram-negative, causes stomach ulcers

Klebsiella pneumoniae

gram-negative, causes pneumonia or meningitis

Legionella pneumophila

gram-negative, causes pneumonia (legionnaire’s disease)

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

gram-negative, causes gonorrhea, has LOS, capsule impairs phagocytosis by limiting attachment of white blood cells

Neisseria meningitidis

gram-negative, causes meningococcal disease, has LOS, capsule impairs phagocytosis by limiting attachment of white blood cells

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

gram-negative, typically a hospital acquired infection

Salmonella spp.

gram-negative, causes salmonella infection, inject virulence factors via T3SS to prevent lysosome fusion with the phagosome

Serratia marcescens

gram-negative, commonly causes hospital acquired infections, sticky/slimy characteristics from glycocalyx

Shigella spp.

gram-negative, causes shigella infection (diarrhea and vomiting), injects virulence factors via T3SS to escape the phagolysosome and spread to neighboring cells

Vibrio cholerae

gram-negative, causes cholera, cholera toxin disrupts intestinal osmotic balances resulting in rapid fluid loss

Yersinia pestis

gram-negative, causes the plague, injects virulence factors via T3SS to prevent ingestion

Treponema pallidum

gram-negative diderm, causes syphyllis, no LPS/LOS, spirochetal endoflagella

Borrelia burgdorferi

gram-negative diderm, causes lyme disease, no LPS/LOS, spirochetal endoflagella

Bacillus anthracis

gram-positive, causes anthrax, can produce endospores, anthrax toxin disrupts signaling pathways of the immune system

Bacillus cereus

gram-positive, causes food poisoning, can produce endospores

Clostridium botulinum

gram-positive, causes botulism (can’t contract anything), can produce endospores, botulinum toxin inhibits fusion of vesicles containing excitatory acetylcholine neurotransmitters, deadliest toxin

Clostridium perfringens

gram-positive, causes gangreen, can produce endospores, releases alpha toxin to disrupt white blood cells

Clostridium tetani

gram-positive, causes tetanus, can produce endospores, tetanus toxin inhibits fusion of vesicles containing inhibitor neurotransmitters, causes spastic paralysis (all muscles contarcted)

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

gram-positive, causes diphtheria (thick grey/white coating on back of throat, fever, swollen glands), Diphtheria toxin inhibits RNA translation (targets ribosomes)

Listeria monocytogenes

gram-positive, causes listeriosis

Staphylococcus aureus

gram-positive, causes skin and nose infections

Streptococcus mutans

gram-positive, causes dental plaque, M-protein is strongly anti-phagocytic and destroys complement proteins, alpha hemolytic (partial hemolysis)

Streptococcus pneumoniae

gram-positive, causes pneumococcal disease, M-protein is strongly anti-phagocytic and destroys complement proteins, alpha hemolytic (partial hemolysis)

Streptococcus pyogenes

gram-positive, causes strep throat/necrotizing fasciitis/rheumatic fever, M-protein is strongly anti-phagocytic and destroys complement proteins, beta hemolytic (complete hemolysis)

Mycoplasma hominis

cell wall-less, causes urethritis and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

cell wall-less, causes pneumonia

Ureaplasma urealyticum

cell wall-less, causes ureaplasma (sexually transmitted)

Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare

acid-fast, causes MAC lung disease, waxes resist destruction by digestive enzymes

Mycobacterium bovis

acid-fast, causes tuberculosis in cattle, waxes resist destruction by digestive enzymes

Mycobacterium kansasii

acid-fast, causes pulmonary disease, waxes resist destruction by digestive enzymes

Mycobacterium leprae

acid-fast, causes leprosy, waxes resist destruction by digestive enzymes

Mycobacterium lepromatosis

acid-fast, causes leprosy (Hansen’s disease), waxes resist destruction by digestive enzymes

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

acid-fast, causes tuberculosis, waxes resist destruction by digestive enzymes

Nocardia asteroids

acid-fast, causes pulmonary disease

Nocardia brasiliensis

acid-fast, causes nocardiosis