Unit 9: Antinutritional Factors And Toxins (Cram)

What is another name for lectins? This name is based on their ability to cause the clumping of RBS's when added to whole blood

Hemagglutinins

What is the most toxic effect of lectins?

Bind to the surface of absorptive cells in the small intestine and reduce the surface area available for nutrient absorption

What are some crops that contain lectins?

Kidney beans, lima beans, pinto beans, and soybeans

How are lectins deactivated?

Cooking

What are the two anti–nutritional effects of tannins?

1. Astringency (bitter taste)

2. Inhibits protein and carb digestion/ absorption

Are tannins usually more of an issue for ruminants or non–ruminants, why?

Ruminants. Because tannins are release from the hull or skin by chewing and ruminants rechew food

What are some feeds with high levels of tannins?

Rye (tannins make whiskey brown), brown peas, and canola meal

Oxalates and phytate reduce the digestibility of many of the _____ in plant–based feedstuffs

minerals

Oxalate reduces the digestibility of which macro–mineral?

Calcium

Phytate reduces the digestibility of which two macro–minerals?

1. Calcium

2. Phosphorus

Phytate reduces the digestibility of which three micro–minerals?

1. Zinc

2. Iron

3. Manganese

Are oxalates and phytate more of a problem for ruminants or non–ruminants?

Non–ruminants. The microbes of ruminants can break down oxalate and phytate

In castrated male goats and cats what crystal forms from oxalate, what condition does this cause?

Calcium oxalate (CaOx), causes oxalate crystalluria

What are some crops that contain trypsin inhibitors?

Soybean meal, beans, raw potatoes, raw peas, raw egg whites

Glucosinolates are a molecule made of an _____ and _____

amino acid, glucose

What are the two anti–nutritional effects of glucosinolates?

1. Reduces palatability (spicy flavour)

2. Goiterogenic

What are some crops that contain glucosinolates?

Cabbage, rapeseed, horseradish, mustard, and radishes

Another term for nitrate poisoning

Cornstalk poisoning

All plants contain some nitrates, but what are some situations that would cause high levels to accumulate in a plant?

Excessive used of nitrogen based fertilizers, weather that results in reduced plant growth

Toxicity occurs when nitrates are metabolized in the rumen to form _____ (oxidized form)

nitrites

What is formed when nitrites bind to hemoglobin, reducing its ability to transport oxygen and turning it brown?

Methemoglobin

What can you give IV to treat nitrate poisoning?

Methylene blue