Pathomorph Final - PQ's set 2 | Quizlet

What is characteristic for feline lymphomas

a. Alimentary lymphoma is associated with FeLV infection and occurs mostly in older cats

b. Mediastinal lymphoma is not associated with FeLV infection and occurs mostly in older cats

c. Mediastinal lymphoma is usually associated with FeLV infection and is often connected with hypercalcemia

c. Mediastinal lymphoma is usually associated with FeLV infection and is often connected with hypercalcemia

What mechanism of endocrine diseases is NOT CORRECT

a. Primary hypofunction – subnormal hormone secretion: destruction of endocrine cells by a disease process, failure of endocrine gland to develop properly (hypoplasia), specific biochemical defect in the synthetic pathway of a hormone

b. Secondary hyperfunction – some lesions consisted of non-endocrine cells synthesize and release substances (usually peptides) with biological activity of true hormones

c. Primary hyperfunction – cells of proliferative endocrine lesions produce autonomously and secrete hormone at a rate in excess of the body’s ability to use and degrade it

b. Secondary hyperfunction - some lesions consisted of non-endocrine cells synthesize and release substances (usually peptides) with biological activity of true hormones

PD/PU, Polyphagia, enlargement of abdomen, skin atrophy, symmetrical truncal alopecia

a. Pituitary dwarfism in dogs

b. Inactive pituitary tumours in horses

c. Endocrinologically active adenoma of corticotrophs in dogs

c. Endocrinologically active adenoma of corticotrophs in dogs

Cushing’s syndrome

a. Is a set of clinical signs related to excess of cortisol

b. Is the same as Cushing’s disease

c. Is the bilateral hyperplasia and hypertrophy of adrenal glands caused by presence of Endocrinologically active (ACTH – secreting) corticotrophs adenoma of pituitary gland

a. Is a set of clinical signs related to excess of cortisol

Functional proliferative lesions in ferrets

a. Are result of bilateral hyperplasia or unilateral neoplastic tumours of adrenal glands

b. Are associated with production of glucocorticoids by proliferative changes

c. Can be easily cured by gonadectomy

a. Are result of bilateral hyperplasia or unilateral neoplastic tumours of adrenal glands

Neoplastic tumour of adrenal medulla that cells are able to produce epinephrine, norepinephrine are called:

a. Chemodectoma

b. Ganglioneuroma (arise from multipolar neuroectodermal cells)

c. Pheochromocytoma

c. Pheochromocytoma

Dermal lesions including: thinning of hair coat that progress to symmetrical truncal alopecia, hyperkeratosis and hyperpigmentation are typical for

a. Hypothyroidism in dogs

b. Hypothyroidism in cats

c. Hyperthyroidism in dogs and cats

a. Hypothyroidism in dogs

Hyperthyroidism

a. Affects more commonly Siamese cats than non – Siamese cats

b. Affects more commonly indoor cat than outdoor cats

c. Affect more commonly younger cats than adult or aged ones

b. Affects more commonly indoor cat than outdoor cats

What is NOT TRUE in hyperparathyroidism

a. Pseudohyperparathyriodism is consequence of processes that does not involve parathyroid gland

b. Primary hyperparathyroidism is consequence of overproduction of PTH by chief cells adenoma or carcinoma

c. Secondary hyperparathyroidism is consequence of process that does not involve parathyroid gland

c. Secondary hyperparathyroidism is consequence of process that does not involve parathyroid gland

Pathomorphological features typical for diabetes mellitus are:

a. Loss of beta – cells with the reduction in islets size, lipid accumulation in beta cells and …

b. Vacuolation of beta cells – glycogen degeneration and generalized microangiopathy, especially well – marked retina vessels and renal glomeruli

c. Loss of beta cells with the reduction in islets size, lipid accumulation in beta cells, hepatic lipidiosis with liver enlargement

b. Vacuolation of beta cells - glycogen degeneration and generalized microangiopathy, especially well - marked retina vessels and renal glomeruli

Superficial necrotizing dermatitis is often associated with

a. Glucagonoma

b. Insulinoma (hypoglycaemia)

c. Gastrinoma ( gastric acid hypersecretion – Zollinger – Ellison syndrome)

a. Glucagonoma

An increase of blood volume in an affected tissue or part of body:

a. Is referred to as hyperemia if it associated with inflammation

b. Is referred to as edema if it is pathologic

c. Is referred to as edema if it is physiologic

a. Is referred to as hyperemia if it associated with inflammation

When the blood is trapped within the tissues, the accumulation is referred to as:

a. Hematoma

b. Hemaloma

c. Melena

a. Hematoma

Brain edema

a. Is commonly caused by hypoproteinemia

b. Microscopically is characterized by expansion of the perivascular spaces

c. Can be recognized macroscopically because gyri are narrowed, and sulci are swollen and become flattened by contact with the skull

b. Microscopically is characterized by expansion of the perivascular spaces

Lesions typical for death caused by shock are

a. LUNGS – dry, firm, usually with tiny haemorrhages near surface

b. LIVER – severely congested with centrilobular hepatic necrosis in severe state

c. ADRENAL GLAND – degeneration and edema of glandular epithelium, especially cortex of gland is involved

b. LIVER - severely congested with centrilobular hepatic necrosis in severe state

The best method of samples collection and smear making in cytopathology are:

a. Aspiration biopsy and slide – over – slide technique when fluid is smeared

b. Aspiration biopsy and slide – over – slide technique when lymph nodes with lymphoma is suspected

c. Non-aspiration fine needle biopsy and slide – over – slide technique when lymph nodes with lymphoma is suspected

d. Non-aspiration fine needle biopsy and linear cell concentration technique in cases of serosal effusion presence

c. Non-aspiration fine needle biopsy and slide - over - slide technique when lymph nodes with lymphoma is suspected

Positive false results (neoplasia is recognized although it is absent within examined mass) of cytopathologic examination are consequence of:

a. Collection of samples in early stage of process

b. Diagnosis of activated Epithelioid cells within lymph nodes as sarcoma cells

c. Diagnosis of chromatophores presence within lymph nodes aspirates as metastatic melanoma

d. Diagnosis of osteosarcoma of osseous metaplasia

c. Diagnosis of chromatophores presence within lymph nodes aspirates as metastatic melanoma

What is true

a. Cytopathology often serves as method of confirmation of diagnosis

b. Cytopathology can be considered as replacement of histopathology

c. Cytopathology is excellent method to rule out cause of disease

d. Cytopathology establishes final diagnosis in most cases

d. Cytopathology establishes final diagnosis in most cases

Fatty degeneration of liver

a. May be macro – or microvesicular

b. Is caused by toxins, drugs, hypoxia

c. Is connected with change of the colour of the liver parenchyma

d. All answers are correct

d. All answers are correct

Most important change in liver cirrhosis is

a. Remodelling liver parenchyma into nodules

b. Marked portal – portal or portal – central fibrosis

c. Areas of confluent necrosis and inflammation

d. Chronic hepatitis

a. Remodelling liver parenchyma into nodules

“steroid induced” hepatopathy

a. Is caused only by exogenous glucocorticoids

b. Is excessive hepatocellular lipids accumulation

c. Is specific disorder in all carnivores

d. all answers are incorrect

d. all answers are incorrect

(exogenous and endogenous glucocorticoids, occurs in herbivores, excessive accumulation of glycogen)

Hepatic abscesses

a. Are common, especially in dogs and cat

b. Are common, especially in cattle

c. Are only hematogenous

d. Are caused by viral infections

b. Are common, especially in cattle

“multifocal randomly dispersed areas of hepatocellular necrosis with or without inflammation and eosinophilic inclusion bodies with margination of nuclear chromatin in hepatocytes” – this is description of hepatitis caused by:

a. Toxoplasma gondii infection

b. Feline infectious peritonitis virus

c. Canine herpes-virus infection

d. Escherichia coli infection

c. Canine herpes-virus infection

Congenital portosystemic shunts

a. Are more frequently seen in dogs than in cats

b. Can be intra – or extrahepatic

c. All answers are correct

c. All answers are correct

Diffuse interstitial pneumonia – hemorrhagic pneumonia, Coagulative necrosis and inflammation in liver, acute hemorrhagic reaction of pancreas, necrosis in lymph nodes, in some cases peritoneal, pleural and pericardial effusions, foci of necrosis in lungs, liver, renal cortices (kittens), heart, skeletal muscles and brain are typical for:

a. Colibacteriosis

b. Toxoplasma gondii infection

c. Herpesvirus infection

b. Toxoplasma gondii infection

In gunshot wounds

a. The inlet diameter is bigger than the bullet diameter

b. The bullet diameter is bigger than the inlet diameter

c. The outlet diameter is smaller than the bullet diameter

b. The bullet diameter is bigger than the inlet diameter

At the skin around the bullet hole in the gunshot wound are

a. The ring of dirty skin

b. Particles of gunpowder and metal

c. The ring of ?abrasion?

d. All answers are correct

d. All answers are correct

What is TRUE in cytopathology of purulent inflammation

a. Purulent inflammation is the same as infectious inflammation

b. Purulent inflammation – at least 85% of all cells are neutrophils

c. Purulent inflammation – at least 70-75% of all cells are neutrophils

b. Purulent inflammation - at least 85% of all cells are neutrophils

What is NOT TRUE in cytopathology of neoplasia

a. Cytoplasmic criteria of malignancy are considered as diagnostic criteria

b. More than three criteria of malignancy present in few to many cells – malignant cell population can be recognized

c. Nuclear criteria of malignancy are considered as diagnostic criteria

a. Cytoplasmic criteria of malignancy are considered as diagnostic criteria

Leukemia can be defined as

a. Presence of neoplastic cells in peripheral blood

b. Neoplastic proliferation of hemolymphatic cells that develops primarily in bone marrow

c. Neoplastic growth within bone marrow

b. Neoplastic proliferation of hemolymphatic cells that develops primarily in bone marrow

Replacement of bone marrow cells by cells of another type is called

a. Myelophtysis

b. Dysplasia

c. Myelosis

a. Myelophtysis

Leukemia can be divided into:

a. Primary leukemias, secondary leukemias and reactive leukemias

b. Myeloid leukemias and lymphatic leukemias

c. Acute leukemias, transitional leukemias, chronic leukemias and recurrent leukemias

b. Myeloid leukemias and lymphatic leukemias

MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME is a group of clonal myeloid proliferative disorders (disorders of hematopoiesis) characterized by:

a. Recurrent cytopenias (especially anemias), qualitative and quantitative dysplastic changes of newly formed cells and defective blood cell synthesis

b. Malignant transformation more than one type on bone marrow cells

c. Proliferative non – malignant process without known cause

a. Recurrent cytopenias (especially anemias), qualitative and quantitative dysplastic changes of newly formed cells and defective blood cell synthesis

Essential thrombocytosis can be considered as:

a. Myelodysplastic syndrome

b. Leukemoid reaction

c. Chronic myeloid leukemia

c. Chronic myeloid leukemia

What is true

a. Exudate is rich in cells but poor in protein

b. Transudate is poor in cells but rich in protein

c. Exudate is consequence of increase of vascular permeability

c. Exudate is consequence of increase of vascular permeability

Skin blister is an example of:

a. Purulent inflammation

b. Serous inflammation

c. Catarrhal inflammation

b. Serous inflammation

Spreading diffuse purulent inflammation, usually in connective tissue is called

a. Abscessus

b. Phlegmon

c. Empyema

b. Phlegmon

Keloid is

a. Excessive amount of collagen fibres in granulation tissue often resembles neoplastic mass

b. Excessive amount of granulation tissue that protrudes above the level of the surrounding skin

c. Excessive amount of granulation tissue in scar often resembles neoplastic mass

a. Excessive amount of collagen fibres in granulation tissue often resembles neoplastic mass

Granulomas that are formed during mycobacterium infection

a. Are examples of nodular granulomatous inflammation

b. Are examples of diffuse granulomatous inflammation

c. Are connected with Th2 – based immunologic response

a. Are examples of nodular granulomatous inflammation

Three features of chronic inflammation include

a. Specific etiologic agents, “chronic” inflammatory infiltrate, Fibrinous exudate

b. “chronic” inflammatory infiltrate, Fibrinous exudate, repair by connective tissue replacement?

c. “chronic” inflammatory infiltrate, repair by connective tissue replacement, tissue destruction

c. "chronic" inflammatory infiltrate, repair by connective tissue replacement, tissue destruction

Renal failure

a. Is the same as uremia

b. Is diminished renal function because of severe deregulation of renal function

c. A syndrome associated with multisystemic lesions and clinical signs because of renal injury

b. Is diminished renal function because of severe deregulation of renal function

Fanconi – like syndrome characterized by

a. Reduction of capacity of tubular epithelial cells to reabsorb glucose

b. Excretion of large quantities of cysteine in the urine

c. Aminoaciduria, glucosuria, proteinuria, phosphaturia, metabolic acidosis, multiple endocrine abnormalities

c. Aminoaciduria, glucosuria, proteinuria, phosphaturia, metabolic acidosis, multiple endocrine abnormalities

Among extrarenal lesions that can develop during uremia most common are:

a. Ulcerative stomatitis, hyperplastic anemia, parathyroid hypoplasia

b. Ulcerative stomatitis, Hypoplastic anemia, parathyroid hyperplasia

c. Ulcerative stomatitis, Hypoplastic anemia, parathyroid hypoplasia

b. Ulcerative stomatitis, Hypoplastic anemia, parathyroid hyperplasia

The most common disease of renal glomeruli is

a. Immune mediated glomerulitis

b. Glomerular amyloidosis

c. Glomerular lipidiosis

a. Immune mediated glomerulitis

Regeneration of renal tubuli is

a. Impossible in every case

b. Possible if only few cells are affected, basement membrane is intact, blood reperfusion is restored, viable epithelial cells and growth factors are present

c. Both answers are incorrect

b. Possible if only few cells are affected, basement membrane is intact, blood reperfusion is restored, viable epithelial cells and growth factors are present

Morphologic forms of chronic cystitis include

a. Purulent, follicular and polypomatoid

b. Diffuse, polypomatoid, papular

c. Diffuse, follicular, polypoid

c. Diffuse, follicular, polypoid

What is NOT TRUE about enzootic hematuria

a. Occurs in dogs after treatment with cyclophosphamide

b. Is caused by ingestion of bracken fern

c. Can progress to the neoplastic lesions

a. Occurs in dogs after treatment with cyclophosphamide

Cryptorchid testes are more prone to

a. Seminomas and leydigomas

b. Sertilomas and leydigomas

c. Seminomas and sertoliomas

c. Seminomas and sertoliomas

Vaginal hyperplasia and hypertrophy in bitches

a. Is associated with diestrus

b. Is probably caused by increased sensitivity to progestagen

c. Undergoes spontaneous regression during diestrus

c. Undergoes spontaneous regression during diestrus

What is NOT TRUE in cases of feline mammary gland neoplasia

a. Early sterilization decrease risk of cancer development about 91%

b. Rarely metastases to regional lymph nodes and lungs

c. Tumours are usually (85-90%) malignant ones – carcinomas

b. Rarely metastases to regional lymph nodes and lungs

Presence of one tumour of mammary gland with ulcerated surface and fixed to underlying tissues and skin and often with signs of lung/thoracic cavity involvement is typical for:

a. cats

b. dogs

c. both dogs and cats

a. cats

Presence of numerous masses within mammary glands in bitches

a. Is always consequence of tumour spreading (metastases) within mammary gland

b. Is usually consequence of tumour spreading (metastasis) within mammary gland

c. Rarely is consequence of tumour spreading (metastases) within mammary gland

c. Rarely is consequence of tumour spreading (metastases) within mammary gland

Ethmoidal progressive hematoma

a. Occurs most commonly in older sheep

b. Occurs in older horses

c. Occurs in older bulls

b. Occurs in older horses

What is NOT TRUE about porcine atrophic rhinitis

a. Atrophic changes are usually caused by disturbances in blood circulation within nasal and conchal bones that lead to conchae atrophy and nasal deformity

b. Synergism of numerous pathogens (Bordetella bronchiseptica, some strains of Pasteurella multocida, Haemophilus parasuis, cytomegalovirus) is involved in pathogenesis of disease

c. Atrophic changes are caused by osteoclastic Resorption of nasal and conchal bones that lead to conchae atrophy and nasal deformity

a. Atrophic changes are usually caused by disturbances in blood circulation within nasal and conchal bones that lead to conchae atrophy and nasal deformity

On the basis of modern classification all pneumonias can be divided into

a. Purulent, catarrhal, Fibrinous, suppurative

b. Interstitial, alveolar, bronchogenic, atypical

c. Bronchopneumonia, interstitial, embolic, granulomatous

c. Bronchopneumonia, interstitial, embolic, granulomatous

Primary neoplastic tumours of lungs are most commonly

a. Epithelial and benign

b. Epithelial and malignant

c. Mesenchymal and malignant

b. Epithelial and malignant

Tumoral lesions that occur in cats within upper respiratory tract are consequence of proliferation of Eustahian epithelium or tympanic epithelium called

a. Nasopharyngeal polyps

b. Nasopharyngeal papillomas

c. Nasopharyngeal adenomas

a. Nasopharyngeal polyps

Hypopyon is

a. Accumulation of neutrophils and fibrin within anterior chamber

b. Inflammation involving uveal tract and adjacent ocular cavities (anterior chamber, posterior chamber, vitreous)

c. Inflammation of iris and Ciliary body

a. Accumulation of neutrophils and fibrin within anterior chamber

What is NOT TRUE

a. Tumour – any mass or swelling, used synonymously with neoplasm

b. Cancer – any malignant tumour

c. Cancer – malignant tumour of epithelial origin

c. Cancer - malignant tumour of epithelial origin

What can you say about carcinogenesis

a. Initiated cells are morphologically normal

b. Promoters are mutagenic

c. Initiation is reversible state

d. All answer is correct

a. Initiated cells are morphologically normal

Anaplasia

a. Is the same as pleomorphism

b. Is the same as anisocytosis

c. Refers to loss of physiologic shape

d. All answers are wrong

c. Refers to loss of physiologic shape

What is true?

a. Pre-neoplastic lesions are the same as semi-malignant tumours

b. Equine sarcoid is pre-neoplastic lesion

c. Basal cell tumour is pre-neoplastic lesion

d. Basal cell tumour is semi-malignant tumour

a. Pre-neoplastic lesions are the same as semi-malignant tumours

In cases of lymphatic spread of malignant tumours you can say that:

a. It is common road of dissemination of sarcomas

b. Normally sized lymph node can be affected with metastasis

c. Lymph node nearest to primary malignant tumour is always affected with metastasis

c. Lymph node nearest to primary malignant tumour is always affected with metastasis

Paraneoplastic syndromes

a. Are abnormality that occur distant to the tumour

b. Are related to presence of tumour

c. Are usually caused by the production (by neoplastic or host cells) of small molecules into circulation

d. All answers are correct

d. All answers are correct

The example of Paraneoplastic tumour is

a. Cachexia due to tonsilar carcinoma

b. Hypercalcemia due to apocrine gland carcinoma of anal sac

c. Anemia due to rupture of splenic hemangiosarcoma

d. Bony fracture caused by osteosarcoma

b. Hypercalcemia due to apocrine gland carcinoma of anal sac

What is NOT TRUE in fatty degeneration

a. Presence of areas of fatty degeneration in some lobes and congested areas in other is called nutmeg liver (central red, peripheral yellow)

In metastatic calcification calcium

a. Accumulates in altered tissue despite of low serum calcium concentration

b. Is deposited because of lytic metastases to the bones

c. Accumulation within vital tissues

d. Accumulates because of hypocalcemia

c. Accumulation within vital tissues

What is true in salivary gland pathology Salivary gland infarction is the most commonly recognized in

a. Salivary gland infarction is the most commonly recognized in cats

Choke can be consequence of

a. Hypersalivation

b. Esophageal foreign object

c. Segmental dilation of oesophagus

d. Overload of forestomach with gas

b. Esophageal foreign object

Zollinger – Ellison syndrome

a. Is caused by malignant tumour of gastric parietal cells

b. Can manifest with presence of gastroduodenal ulceration

c. Is the most common cause of canine gastric ulceration??

d. Is associated with diminished serum level of gastrin and increase of histamine concentration

b. Can manifest with presence of gastroduodenal ulceration

Most common cause of blockage of intestinal lumen in horses are

a. Intussusception and functional obstruction

b. Obstruction and intestinal stricture

c. Intussusception and volvulus

d. Displacement, volvulus and torsion

b. Obstruction and intestinal stricture

Myelophthysis

a. Is the term describing visceral dissemination of multiple myeloma cells

b. Can be caused by bone marrow irradiation, ??? or starvation

c. In be consequence of fibrosis, neoplastic infiltration or inflammatory infiltration

d. Is easily recognized by ?? cornification ?

c. In be consequence of fibrosis, neoplastic infiltration or inflammatory infiltration

What is NOT TRUE in bone marrow pathology

a. Leukemia is always associated with leukemic reaction

b. Leukemoid reaction can be caused by neoplastic growth

c. During blastic crisis chronic leukemia progress in acute form

d. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common kind of leukemia in animals

a. Leukemia is always associated with leukemic reaction

Diagnosis of multiple myeloma is based on presence of overproduction of plasma cells in bone marrow plus additional abnormalities, among them:

a. Monoclonal hyperalbuminemia

b. Presence of Bence – Jones bodies in plasma cells

c. Monoclonal hyperproteinemia

d. Sclerotic lesions within bones

c. Monoclonal hyperproteinemia

The term arthroses means

a. Non-inflammatory joint disease

b. Joint pathologies without presence inflammatory cells in any stage of disease

c. Any diseases of joints

d. The same as arthropathies

a. Non-inflammatory joint disease

Most common responses of skeletal myocytes to injury are

a. Necrosis, degeneration and alteration in muscle size

b. Necrosis, hypertrophy and hyperplasia in milder injury

c. Those connected with cell proliferation

d. Necrosis, hyperplasia and dysplasia in severe injury

a. Necrosis, degeneration and alteration in muscle size

Canine cutaneous histiocytoma

a. Is a non-malignant common neoplastic growth of atypical Histiocytes

b. Is non – neoplastic proliferation (histiocytosis) of epidermotrophic dendritic cells

c. Can be recognized in young animals but usually affects dogs older than 3 years of age

d. Is characterized histologically by low mitotic activity

b. Is non - neoplastic proliferation (histiocytosis) of epidermotrophic dendritic cells

Epistaxis

a. The presence of blood caused by lesion restricted to nasal mucosa

b. Is presence of blood in upper respiratory tract

c. Is usually bilateral if source of bleeding is located in the trachea or lungs

d. Is usually bilateral if source of bleeding is located within nasal mucosa??

c. Is usually bilateral if source of bleeding is located in the trachea or lungs

Etiology of rhinitis can be easily recognized by

a. Macroscopic appearance of nasal discharge in most cases

b. Rhinoscopy alone in most cases

c. Presence of redness and swelling of nasal mucosa

d. Microscopic examination of samples of nasal mucosa in most cases

d. Microscopic examination of samples of nasal mucosa in most cases

Nasal tumours in small animals

a. Have low tendency to metastasis but are locally invasive

b. Infect mainly young animals

c. Are usually benign epithelial tumours in cats

d. Are usually benign mesenchymal tumours in dogs

a. Have low tendency to metastasis but are locally invasive

Hyperplasia

a. Is increase of volume of the tissue caused by multiplication of the number of organelles within cells

b. Takes place in the tissues that have population of cells capable of synthetizing DNA

c. Can lead to thickening of the myocardium

d. Is connected with cytopathologic effect of Picornavirus infection

b. Takes place in the tissues that have population of cells capable of synthetizing DNA

What is NOT TRUE in atrophy ---Atrophy is possible in

Atrophy is possible in immature tissue

Diseases which are passed from parents (or ancestors) to offspring and develop as consequence of DNA genetic abnormalities are

a. Called congenital abnormalities

b. Called hereditary abnormalities

c. Always detected shortly after birth

d. Related to chromosomal abnormalities within somatic cells of parent

b. Called hereditary abnormalities

What is TRUE in chromosomal abnormalities

a. Aneuploidy – is one of the structural chromosomal abnormality

b. Tetrasomy – is type of polysomy

c. Triploidy – is the same as trisomy (polysomy as well)

b. Tetrasomy - is type of polysomy

Cerebellar ataxia

a. Is the hereditary disease (German shepherds)

b. Is caused by viral infection

c. Is congenital genetic disease

d. Affects mainly puppies and foals

b. Is caused by viral infection

Atelectasis is incomplete distension of alveoli and

a. Affected areas appear depressed below surface and are darker than surrounding tissues

b. Can be divided into congenital and primary

c. As compressive atelectasis can be caused by increased pressure within peritoneal cavity

d. As hypostatic atelectasia is caused by post-mortem hypostatic congestion in large animals

a. Affected areas appear depressed below surface and are darker than surrounding tissues

What is NOT TRUE in bronchopneumonia

a. Bronchopneumonia it is particular type of pneumonia in which injury and inflammatory process take place in the bronchial, bronchiolar and alveolar lumens

b. Bronchopneumonia is usually associated with cranioventral consolidation of lung

c. Bronchopneumonia is usually caused by bacterial infection

d. Bronchopneumonia can be followed by bronchio?? ???

d. Bronchopneumonia can be followed by bronchio?? ???

Interstitial pneumonia Can be recognized by

lack of visible exudate in airways

Primary pulmonary tumours in dogs and cats

a. Are more commonly recognized then secondary tumours

b. Are usually mesenchymal in origin

c. Are usually multiple, rather than solitary masses

d. Are usually solitary, rather than multiple masses

d. Are usually solitary, rather than multiple masses

Consequence of chronic hyperrhemia can be

Hypertrophy and hyperplasia

What is NOT TRUE about swelling, edema can ber divided into....

Edema can be divided into localized, generalized and inflammatory

Shock

In cats characterized by presence wet, solid and frothy lung as a consequence of acute congestion and edema

Thrombus

a. It is ante-mortem aggregation of fibrin and/or platelets along with other blood elements in vascular system

b. It is free part of the bloody plug in the lumen of blood vessel

c. It is post-mortem aggregation of fibrin and/or platelets along with other blood elements in vascular system

d. In contrast to the post-mortem clot is gelatinous and rubbery “currant jelly” and is not attached to the underlying wall

a. It is ante-mortem aggregation of fibrin and/or platelets along with other blood elements in vascular system

Infarction

a. Is blockade of blood vessel by object present in its lumen?

b. As the area of ischemic necrosis in a tissue or organ caused always by object present in arterial lumen

c. Can be caused by process that take place outside blood vessel (e.g. tumour)

d. Is usually wedge – shaped , the base of the wedge is in place of occluded artery and its apex is at periphery of organ affected

c. Can be caused by process that take place outside blood vessel (e.g. tumour)

Alternative classification of serosal fluids

a. Classifies fluids as: transudates, malignant effusion , and hemorrhagic fluid

b. Does not allow to recognize cause of fluid accumulation

c. Allows to recognize cause of fluid accumulation

d. Allows to using biochemistry as only method of categorization

c. Allows to recognize cause of fluid accumulation

In cases of neoplasm of serosal cavities

a. Secondary tumours are less common than primary ones

b. Presence of effusion is a consequence of rupture of small blood vessels or lymphatics

c. Mesothelial sarcoma is the only primary tumour

d. Primary mesothelial tumour is most commonly recognized in calves

d. Primary mesothelial tumour is most commonly recognized in calves - original answer

Chat gpt says - B

Phlegmon

a. Is diffuse deep purulent inflammation

b. Is collection of pus within naturally existing anatomical cavity

c. Is localized deep purulent inflammation

d. Is widespread abscesses formation because of dissemination of pus – producing bacteria

a. Is diffuse deep purulent inflammation

Catarrhal inflammation

a. Is characterized by presence of mucinous secretion within exudates

b. Takes place most commonly within serosal membranes

c. Involves nasal cavity regardless of cause

d. Is exclusively caused by bacterial infections

a. Is characterized by presence of mucinous secretion within exudates

What is NOT TRUE in chronic inflammation

a. Chronic inflammation is characterized by presence :“chronic” inflammatory infiltrate, tissue destruction and fibrosis

b. Chronic inflammation is consequence of abscess formation

c. “chronic” inflammatory infiltrate consists of macrophages, lymphocytes and plasma cells

d. Chronic inflammation can be caused by repeated episodes of acute inflammation

b. Chronic inflammation is consequence of abscess formation

Nodular granulomatous inflammation

a. Is usually connected with Th2 immunologic response

b. Is the same as lepromatous granulomatous inflammation

c. Is characterized by presence of caseating lesions

d. Involves lymph node during mycobacterium leprae infection

c. Is characterized by presence of caseating lesions