Antisocial Minds Chapter 5

aggression

the intent and attempt to harm another individual, physically/socially, and sometimes to destroy an object

reactive-impulse aggression

hostile aggression. response to anger inducing conditions. aggresive response to a frustration, perceived threat, or provocation. make victim suffer

controlled-instrumental aggression

no intent to do physical harm until someone gets in the way of their goal. begins with competition or desire for some object or status possessed by another person.

frustration aggression hypothesis

1. person is blocked from obtaining goal
2. frustration results in anger
3. anger predisposes/readies the person to behave aggressively

weapons effect

presence of aggressive stimuli in external environment increases the chance of aggressive response
studies fail to support, but it was believed that the presence of a fire arm increases chances of aggression

displaced aggression theory

some aggression is directed at the target as a replacement for the individual who is the real source of provocation

cognitive scripts model

aggressive behavior is learned and memorized through daily experiences.
a script suggests what events are to happen in the environment, how the person should behave in response to these events, and what the likely outcome of those behaviors would be

hostile attribution model

youths and adults prone toward violence are more likely to interpret ambiguous actions as hostile and threatening
they’re twice as likely as average to see aggressive actions from others when there are none

General aggression model general info

provides the only theoretical framework of aggression and violence that explicitly incorporates biological, personality development, social processes, basic cognitive processes, short term and long term processes, and decision processes

General Aggression Model what aggression and violence depend on

1. how an individual perceives and interprets the social environment
2. expectations about the likelihood of various outcomes
3. knowledge and beliefs about how people usually respond in certain situations
4. the degree to which a person believes he or she has

I³ theory

an organized structure for understanding the process by which a given factor promotes aggression and how multiple risk factors interrelate to create or reduce.

I³ theory: instigating triggers, impelling forces, inhibiting forces

instigating triggers: discrete incidents that arouse tendencies or predispositions that are conductive to aggression
impelling forces: forces that increase the likelihood of an aggressive action following the instigating trigger
inhibiting forces: factors that increase the likelihood that aggression will be mitigated or contained

gender differences

differences due to cultural and socialization processes
emerge in preschool years
physical aggression is more prevalent among males than females
interpersonal forms of aggression more prevalent in females than males

copycat crime

a tendency in some people to model or copy an activity portrayed in the entertainment or news media
similar to social learning

ethological viewpoint

human evolutionary history provides the fundamental framework for understanding human cognition and behavior