Tanang bacteria kapoya ani uy

Enterobacteriaceae

facultative anaerobes, non-sporing, rod-shaped and ferments glucose with acid production

Enterobacteriaceae

oxidase negative; catalase positive and grows on peptone or meat extract media

Escherichia coli

contains Enterotoxin and Endotoxin; normally found in the GI

Enteropathogenic E.coli

an E.coli that is associated with diarrhea in infants and children

Enterotoxigenic E.coli

an E.coli that causes Traveller’s diarrhea (Montezuma’s revenge)

Enteroinvasive E.coli

an E.coli similar to shigellosis; characterized by bloody diarrhea with pus and fever

Enterohemorrhagic E.coli

an E.coli that causes bloody diarrhea with no pus and fever

Enterohemorrhagic E.coli

can cause Hemolytic Uremic syndrome that can be prevented through cooking

O157:H7

the most common serotype of EHEC that produces a powerful toxin, Verotoxin which can cause severe illness and death

Klebsiella pneumoniae

also known as Fried Lander’s bacillus mucous capsulatus

Klebsiella pneumoniae

second most common cause of Gram-negative sepsis and HAP; belongs to ESKAPE

Salmonella typhii

forms acid in glucose and mannose and causes typhoid fever

Salmonella typhii

causes rotten egg diarrhea and rose spots on the belly

Widal test

diagnostic test for Salmonella

Salmonella choleraesius

a gram-negative bacteria that causes sepsis or septicemia

Shigella dysenteriae

produces an exotoxin that is neurotoxic, cytotoxic, and enterotoxic

Proteus mirabilis

a non-lactose fermenting organism that is the common cause of UTI

Serratia marcescens

produces a red blood pigment (red colonies) and causes endocarditis

Vibrionaceae

is oxidase and catalase positive that have a single polar flagellum which requires alkaline and saline containing media for growth in laboratory

Vibrio cholerae

the causative agent of Cholera

Tetracycline and ORS

used for the treatment of Vibrio cholerae infections

Spores

a cell that certain fungi, plants, and bacteria produce to defend themselves against ecological degradation

Lactose fermenting microorganisms

organisms that produce organic acids, particularly lactic acid, lowering the pH

Pink color

color of agar plate that indicates positive result to lactose-fermenting microorganism

Yellow

color that indicates non-lactose fermenting microorganis

Virulence

the severity or harmfulness of a disease

Facultative

refers to the ability to live under more than one specific environment condition

Obligate

means to be restricted to a particular characteristic or by necessity, opposite of facultative

Cholera toxin

activates the enzyme adenylate cyclase, increased cAMP levels and stimulates the secretion of chloride ions and water into the small intestines, causing watery diarrhea

Vibrio parahemolyticus

halophilic and can be contracted through contaminated raw fish (sushi)

Helicobacter pylori

a strong producer of urease; spiral-shaped and highly motile

Urea Breath test

a diagnostic test for Helicobacter pylori

Campylobacter jejuni

has a distinctive rapid darting motility and can be found in uncooked poultry and unpasteurized milk

Haemophilus influenzae

a respiratory organism that can cause meningitis in children, epiglottitis, septic arthritis, and sepsis

Haemophilus ducreyi

causes chancroid ulcers or soft chances

Haemophilus vaginalis

causes bacterial vaginosis and a fishy vaginal discharge

Bordetella pertussis

causes whooping cough and can be prevented by DPT vaccine and can be treated by Macrolides

Legionella pneumophila

causative agent of Legionellosis or Legionnaires disease (pneumonia from airconditioning systems) and Pontiac fever

Brucella

also called Fever of Crate, Rock fever of Gibraltar, Bang’s fever, Undulant fever, Malta fever

Brucella

its mode of transmission includes open skin, ingestion, and inhalation of infectious aerobes

Yersinia pestis

causes Bubonic and pneumonic plaque

Yersinia pestis

its reservoirs are rodents and squirrels through a flea bite or animal contact

Yersinia enterolitica

from unpasteurized milk that causes enterocolitis, arthritis, rash, and diarrhea

Francisella tularensis

its reservoirs are rodents and squirrels through a vector: a tick or deerfly

Francisella tularensis

can cause tularemia, rabbit fever, or deer fly fever and can occur in ulderoglandular, oculoglandular, and pulmonary form

Bartonella henselae

causes cat-scratch disease

Bartonella bacilliformis

can cause Carrion’s disease; Vector: Sandflies

Bartonella quintana

causes Trench fever or 5-day fever; Vector: human body Louse

Neisseria meningitides

a diplococci that causes meningitis and meningococcemia

Neiserria gonorrhoeae

can cause gonorrhea, pelvic inflammatory disease and ophthalmia neonatorum

Bacteroides fragilis

can cause brain abscess, GIT abscess, and UTI

Pseudomonas

are gram-negative rods that are widely distributed in soil and water

Pyocyanin

produces a blue green color

Pyoverdin

produces a green color

Pyorubin

produces a red color

Pyomelanin

produces a black or brown color

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

releases a sweet grape like odor and flouresced blue green on culture media when exposed to UV light

Piperacillin

the most effective tx of diseases caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Rickettsia

originally thought to be viruses because growth is enhanced by sulfonamides

Rickettsia rickettsii

causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Vector: Wood/Dog tick

Rickettsia akari

causes Rickettsial pox

Vector: mites

Rickettisa australis

causes Queensland Tick fever

Rickettsia prowazekii

causes Brill-Zinsser disease/Epidemic typhus

Vector: Pediculus Human Louse

Rickettsia typhi

causes Murine typhus/ Endemic typhus

Vector: Rat flea

Rickettsia tsutsugamushi

causes scrub typhus

Vector: mite larvae

Doxycycline

the DOC for all types of rickettsia disease

Coxiella burnetii

causes Q fever and is better stained with GIMINEZ

Chlamydia

are energy parasites that can synthesize their own protein and has a unique cell wall with no peptidoglycan

Chlamydia trachomatis

its manifestations include trachoma—eye infection, and urethritis

Chlamydia psittaci

also known as Psittacosis or Ornithosis and can be contacted with birds

Spirochetes

are extremely thin and can be very long and tightly coiled helical cells with tapered ends

Treponema pallidum

causative agent of Syphilis/ Social disease/ French disease

Acquired syphilis

syphilis can be transmitted through sexual contact or blood

Congenital syphilis

syphilis can be transmitted from mother to fetus

Congenital syphilis

Manifestions are called as Hutchinson’s triad (Hutchinson’s teeth, Interstitial keratitis, and Eight nerve deafness)

Primary stage

stage of syphilis; Hallmark: chancre

Secondary stage

stage of syphilis; Hallmark: condylomata lata

Latent stage

a stage of syphilis that show no signs and symptoms of active syphilis but remain seroactive

Tertiary stage

a stage of syphilis; Hallmark: GUMMA or localized granulomatous dermal lesions

Borrelia recurrentis

causative agent of relapsing fever with humans as reservoir and body louse as vector

Borrelia burgdorferi

causative agent of Lyme disease

Vector: Ixodes tick

Borrelia vincenti

causes Vincent’s angina

Fletcher’s media

Leptospira is cultured on this specialized media

Leptospira interrogans

causes Leptospirosis and Weils Disease

Reservoir: Rodent’s urine and feces

Acid-fast organisms

resist decolorization by acid or alcohol because of Mycolic Acid

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

also known as Tubercle Bacilli or Koch bacilli

Sputum smear/ ATB smear

the gold standard diagnostic test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Lowenstein-Jensen medium

Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be grown on this medium

Mycoplasma pneumonia

a wall-less organism and the smallest known free-living self-replicating prokaryotic cell

Mycoplasma pneumonia

produces Walking Pneumonia/Atypical pneumonia

Gram positive

contains Teichoic acid in their cell wall and appear purple under magnification

Alpha hemolysis

reduces hemoglobin to methemoglobin causing a greenish zone to surround the colony

-Streptococcus pneumonia

-Streptococcus viridans

-Streptococcus mutans

Beta hemolysis

causes a clear zone hemolysis on blood agar

-Streptococcus pyogenes

-Streptococcus agalactiae

Gamma hemolysis

has no effect on RBC; aka Non-hemolytic

-Streptococcus bovis

Streptococcus pyogenes

can cause strep throat and recurrent tonsilitis

Streptococcal pyogenes

also known as Erysipelas/Scarletina since it can cause scarlet fever

Toxin: erythrogenic toxin

Sreptococcal pyogenes

manifestations of this bacteria include strawberry red tongue aka sand-paper rash/ sunburn like rash

Dick test

a laboratory test designed to indicate whether or not a person is immune to scarlet fever

Streptococcus pyogenes

can cause Toxic shock syndrome, Pyoderma, Necrotizing fasciitis, and Acute glomerulonephritis

Group A Streptococcus

a group that is sensitive to bacitracin