Unit 3: Intro to Cells
Studied by 0 people
Call Kai
Learn
Practice Test
Spaced Repetition
Match
Flashcards
Knowt Play1/36
Earn XP
Description and Tags
Biology
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced | Call with Kai |
|---|
No analytics yet
Send a link to your students to track their progress
37 Terms
LO1- What are the 3 tenets of cell theory?
all living things are made up of 1+ cells
all life functions of organisms occur inside of cells
all cells come from previous cells
LO2- When and how did prokaryotes form and evolve on Earth?
3 billion years ago
Through photosynthesis and eventually cellular respiration
What is the Plasma Membrane?
It’s made up of a phospholipid bilayer and embedded proteins that regulates what enters and exits the cell, maintaining homeostasis
What is the Cytoplasm?
Made up of organelles suspended in cytosol (gel-like substance)
Protein synthesis occurs
Between plasma membrane and nuclear envelope
What is the Cytoskeleton?
Within the cytoplasm. Protein filaments and tubules. Provides structural support, maintains cell shape and helps cells move
Forms by dehydration synthesis and polymerization
What are the 3 protein fibers?
Thinnest: microfilaments, moves cellular components
2nd Thinnest: intermediate filaments, maintain cell shape and anchor organelles
Biggest: microtubules, guide organelle movement, pull chromosomes to poles during cell division
What is Endosymbiosis?
When a cell ‘engulfs’ another cell, benefitting both cells
What are the 3 types of organisms?
Archaea, Eukarya, Bacteria
What happened when too much oxygen entered the atmosphere?
Oxygen was toxic to early cells, so they evolved to have aerobic respiration
What is the Endosymbiotic Theory? Describe endosymbiosis.
Eukaryotes might’ve been the result of a cell engulfing another cell.
Endosymbiosis is when one cell engulfs another cell, they both benefit
What are the parts of the Endomembrane System?
Rough ER (makes proteins)
Smooth ER (makes lipids, contains enzymes)
Golgi Apparatus (modifies and packages proteins)
Vesicles (goes from Golgi to membrane, transports proteins)
Exocytosis vs. Endocytosis
Exocytosis-the process of exiting the cell
Endocytosis-the process of entering the cell
LO6- How did eukaryotic cells evolve?
Eukaryotic cells all came from a common ancestor. Endosymbiosis likely created eukaryotic cells.
LO7- How does the cytoskeleton help maintain homeostasis?
It keeps the cell’s shape and provides stability
Describe the Endomembrane System
A group of organelles that work together to modify, package and transport proteins and lipids
What is the order of the Endomembrane system?
Rough ER-Smooth ER-Golgi-Vesicles
LO9- How do organelles maintain homeostasis?
The cytoplasm maintains shape and structure
Lysosomes break down old proteins
Mitochondria helps provide energy
LO12-What is the purpose of cell division in Eukaryotes vs Prokaryotes?
Eukaryotes- growth, development and repair
Prokaryotes-reproduction
What are the two steps of cell division?
Mitosis- division of the nucleus
Cytokinesis- division of cytoplasm
LO13- describe the function and structure of chromosomes
Chromosomes are made of coiled DNA, forms an X after it replicated
They are encoded with genetic instructions
What is G0?
Cells functioning normally, not getting ready for reproduction
What is G1?
The first stage of growth in the cell cycle
Proteins made
What is S phase?
Synthesis, DNA is replicated
What is G2?
Final preparations before division, organelles are copied
What is mitosis?
Nucleus divides, two daughter nuclei
What is prophase?
DNA tightens from chromatin to chromosomes
What is metaphase?
The chromosomes are moved to the center of the cell
What is anaphase?
The chromosomes are pulled to opposite sides of the cell by spindles
What is telophase?
The nuclear membrane forms around the two new sets of chromosomes, the chromosomes loosen to become chromatin
What is a zygote?
A eukaryotic cell, marks the beginning of a new organism
What is an oncogene?
A mutated gene that has the potential to create cancer
What is abiogenesis?
The theory that life comes from non-living things
What causes cancer?
Uncontrolled cell division
What are HeLa cells?
Henrietta Lacks
Cells that can divide indefinitely
What are liposomes?
Spherical vesicles, 1 lipid bilayer
Where are spindle fibers attached to?
Centromere
What is a microbiome? How does it effect people?
A community of microbes/bacteria in a person’s body that influences their health
They help with digestion, reproduction, and overall health. It can cause allergies
Note 
Flashcards (124)