Chapter 1: The Study of American Government
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60 Terms
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Issue
A topic that is of important concern
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German scholar Max Weber
________ argued that to become successful, the modern state puts its affairs in the hands of appointed bureaucrats.
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Politics
The activity by which decisions are being made.
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multiple levels
In the pluralist view, no single entity, group, or social class has complete control because political resources are so widespread, and because there are ________ of governmental institutions.
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Power
The ability to get someone to do something
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Authority
The right to use power
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Karl Marx
The class view, inspired by ________, holds that the rich have more influence over government policy than the poor; essentially that economic inequality leads to political inequality.
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Legitimacy
Having the right to govern based on the consent of the governed
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Democracy
The rule of the many
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creedal passion view
In the ________, people are driven by a desire to maintain and perpetuate their own power.
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Direct or Participatory Democracy
A government in which all or most citizens participate directly
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Representative Democracy
A government in which people elect other people to represent them in the government
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Elite
People who have an uneven share of valued resources
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Class view
View that the government is dominated by the wealthy
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Power elite view
Government is dominated by a few top leaders, who are outside of government
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Bureaucratic view
Government is dominated by appointed officials
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Pluralist view
No one entity dominates, due to resources being widespread
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In the United States, there are five main views on how political power is distributed
class view, power elite view, bureaucratic view, pluralist view, and creed passion view
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The politics of different policy issues can be classified according to how the costs and benefits of the policy are distributed, which gives us four categories
majoritarian, interest group, client, and entrepreneurial
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Political Power in America
Five Views
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Shared political values
if people believe poverty is a result of social forces, they have a reason to expand government programs to combat poverty
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Weight of custom and tradition
people will usually accept what the government customarily does
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Importance of events
war, terrorist attacks, or severe economic downturns can alter our sense of proper role of government
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Terms of debate
the way in which political elites discuss issues influences how the public will view political priorities
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Groups
Many policies are the result of small groups of people enlarging the scope of government by their demands
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Issue
a topic that is of important concern
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Politics
The activity by which decisions are being made
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Power
The ability to get someone to do something
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Authority
The right to use power
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Legitimacy
Having the right to govern based on the consent of the governed
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Democracy
The rule of the many
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Direct or Participatory Democracy
A government in which all or most citizens participate directly
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Representative Democracy
A government in which people elect other people to represent them in the government
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Elite
People who have an uneven share of valued resources
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Class view
View that the government is dominated by the wealthy
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Power elite view
Government is dominated by a few top leaders, who are outside of government
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Bureaucratic view
Government is dominated by appointed officials
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Pluralist view
No one entity dominates, due to resources being widespread
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Creedal passion view
People driven by their own desires drive important political changes
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Political agenda
Issues that people believe require governmental action
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Cost
what you give up in order to obtain something
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Benefit
anything that provides utility or satisfaction
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Majoritarian politics
everyone benefits, but everyone pays
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Interest group politics
small amount of people benefit and pay
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Client politics
small amount of people benefit, everyone pays
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Entrepreneurial politics
everyone benefits, small amount of people pay
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Pork Barrel Legislation
legislative acts that bring federal money into a state or district
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Log-rolling
Legislators trade votes - support a proposal in exchange for someone else to support their proposal
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Policy entrepreneurs
Make a political majority for unorganized interests not well represented by the government
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Creedal passion view
People driven by their own desires drive important political changes
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Political agenda
Issues that people believe require governmental action
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Cost
What you give up in order to obtain something
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Benefit
Anything that provides utility or satisfaction
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Majoritarian politics
Everyone benefits, but everyone pays
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Interest group politics
Small amount of people benefit and pay
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Client politics
Small amount of people benefit, everyone pays
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Entrepreneurial politics
Everyone benefits, small amount of people pay
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Pork Barrel Legislation
Legislative acts that bring federal money into a state or district
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Log-rolling
Legislators trade votes - support a proposal in exchange for someone else to support their proposal
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Policy entrepreneurs
They make a political majority for unorganized interests not well represented by the government