Feminism

When was the first wave of feminism?

early 20th-century

When was the second wave of feminism?

late 20th-century

How many American women had been put into traditionally male jobs due to WW2?

18 million

What percentage of young mothers were in work by 1960?

40%

What was the name of the Supreme Court case that legalised the use of contraceptives for married couples?

Griswold v. Connecticut

What percentage of young mothers had access to nursery schools by 1960?

2%

When was the contraceptive pill introduced in the USA?

1960

What did TIME claim in 1960?

“no previous medical phenomenon has ever quite matched the headlong U.S. rush to use the oral contraceptives”

What was the name of the book written by Betty Friedan?

The Feminine Mystique

When was ‘The Feminine Mystique’ released?

1963

What did ‘The Feminine Mystique’ claim American housewives were trapped in?

a ‘comfortable concentration camp’

What was the name of the organisation founded by Betty Friedan?

N.O.W. (National Organisation for Women)

Why did Betty Friedan found N.O.W.?

“I realised that it was not enough just to write a book. There had to be social change”

When did Betty Friedan found N.O.W.?

1966

What was the name of the article published by Gloria Steinem?

A Bunny’s Tale

When was ‘A Bunny’s Tale’ published?

1963

About which club does Gloria Steinem write ‘A Bunny’s Tale’?

Playboy Club in New York

What is the name of the magazine founded by Gloria Steinem?

Ms. Magazine

When did Gloria Steinem start publishing Ms. Magazine?

1971

How many copies of Ms. Magazine were sold in its first 3 days on sale?

300,000

What was the organisation co-founded by Gloria Steinem and Dorothy Pitman-Hughes?

Women’s Action Alliance

When was the Women’s Action Alliance founded?

1971

What was the name of the article written by Ruby Smith?

The Position of Women in SNCC

What did Stokely Carmichael claim about women’s roles in SNCC?

“the only position for women in the SNCC is prone”

Which president set up the Committee on the Status of Women?

JFK

What fraction of the workforce were women under JFK?

1/3

What was the name of the Commission set up by JFK regarding women?

Presidential Commission on the Status of Women / Kennedy Commission

What Act did JFK pass that required employers to pay women the same as men for the same job?

Equal Pay Act

When was the Equal Pay Act passed?

1963

What was the name of the movement organised by Dagmar Wilson and Bella Abzug?

Women for Peace

How many women marched in how many cities as a part of the Women for Peace movement?

50,000 women in 60 cities

How many women did LBJ appoint to top government posts?

50

When was Griswold v. Connecticut?

1965

What was the executive order passed by LBJ that outlawed sexual discrimination in any company contracted by the government?

Executive Order 11375

When was the executive order passed by LBJ that outlawed sexual discrimination in any company contracted by the government?

1967

Which chapter of the Civil Rights Act (1964) banned sex discrimination in employment?

Chapter VII

Which Supreme Court case upheld Chapter VII of the Civil Rights Act (1964) in 1967?

Weeks v. Southern Bell

When did the NYRW (New York Radical Women) disrupt a Miss America pageant?

1968

Where was the Miss America pageant that was disrupted by NYRW (New York Radical Women)?

Atlantic City

Into what did NYRW (New York Radical Women) protestors throw pieces of patriarchal oppression at their protest at the Miss America pageant?

Freedom Trash Can

What does Flora Davis claim the protests at the Miss America pageant were?

the moment that “feminism suddenly burst into the headlines”

What does Carol Hanisch claim the protests at the Miss America pageant meant?

“beautiful women came across as our enemy instead of as our sisters who suffer with us”

What does Sheila Thomas conclude the Miss America pageant protest did?

“both helped publicise and would later haunt the women’s movement”

What did Nixon say regarding women?

“the full and equal participation of women is crucial to the strength of the country”

What was the name of the Supreme Court case that gave unmarried people the same right to contraception as married people?

Eisenstadt v. Baird

In which year was the Supreme Court case Eisenstadt v. Baird?

1972

What was the name of the Supreme Court case that legalised abortion throughout the United States?

Roe v. Wade

In which year was the Supreme Court case Roe v. Wade?

1973

Which act banned gender stereotyping in the school curriculum?

Women’s Educational Equality Act

In which year was the Women’s Educational Equality Act passed?

1974

What does Barbara Franklin claim about Nixon?

“Nixon’s actions brought gender equality into the mainstream of American life”

What bill was vetoed by Nixon that would have provided a multibillion-dollar national day care system to improve employment prospects for women?

Child Development Bill (1972)

In which year was the Women’s Strike for Equality?

1970

Where was the Women’s Strike for Equality?

New York

Which organisation organised the Women’s Strike for Equality?

N.O.W.

What event was the Women’s Strike for Equality organised to celebrate?

50th anniversary of women’s suffrage

What did Friedan say about the Women’s Strike for Equality?

it “exceeded my wildest dreams”

What did CBS news deride the protestors at the Women’s Strike for Equality as?

'“a band of braless bubbleheads”

What did Steinem claim about women and their dependence on men?

“a woman needs a man like a fish needs a bicycle”

Who was one of the most influential female opponents to the feminist cause?

Phyllis Schlafly

What was the nickname of Phyllis Schlafly?

"Sweetheart of the Silent Majority”

Against which act did Phyllis Schlafly organise a successful campaign?

Equal Rights Amendment Act (ERA)

In which year was the famous debate between Friedan and Schlafly?

1973

What was the name of the lesbian feminist group?

Lesbian Furies Collective

Who led the Lesbian Furies Collective?

Ginny Berson

What did Betty Friedan refer to the lesbians within the feminist movement as?

the “lavender menace”

What did the Ginny Berson claim about feminists?

“feminists must become lesbians if they truly hope to end male supremacy”

What was the name of the lesbian feminist group that adopted Marxism?

Redstockings

Who led the Redstockings?

Shuli Firestone

What was the name of Shuli Firestone’s 1970 book?

The Dialectic of Sex

What was the name of the black feminist organisation?

National Black Feminist Organisation (NBFO)

When was the NBFO (National Black Feminist Organisation) formed?

1973

Who led the National Black Feminist Organisation (NBFO)?

Florynce Kennedy

What did the People magazine describe Florynce Kennedy (the leader of the NBFO) as in 1974?

“the biggest, loudest… rudest mouth on the battleground”

What is the name of the group that split away from the NBFO in 1974 to represent black lesbian women?

Combahee River Collective