9.1 Humanistic and Self-Determination Theory

What is the focus of humanistic theories of motivation?

They propose that humans are motivated to achieve happiness and self-actualization.

What is happiness?

Hedonistic (subjective) well-being

Eudaemonic (or Eudaimonic) well-being

What is hedonistic well-being?

The presence of positive affect, absence of negative affect, and overall life satisfaction.

What is eudaemonic well-being?

Actualizing your potential, engaging in life activities that align with deeply held values and contribute to personal growth.

What is self-actualization according to Maslow?

The desire for self-fulfillment and the tendency to become everything one is capable of becoming.

What are the first three propositions of Carl Rogers?

Individuals exist in a changing world of experience.

Organisms react to their perceived reality.

Reactions are holistic

What is the core proposition of Carl Rogers

6. The organism has one basic tendency and striving - to actualize, maintain, and enhance the experiencing organism

What motivations make up Self-determination theory

Extrinsic and Intrinsic motivation

Extrinsic motivation

performing actions for external reinforcement or to avoid punishment

- money for working

What is intrinsic motivation?

Self-reinforcing experiences where no outside motivation or incentive is needed

- video games!

Which motivation is the energizing basis for natural organismic activity

Intrinsic motivation

Waschull and Kernis measures for intrinsic motivation

Preference for challenge, Curiosity/interest, and Independent mastery

What factors drive intrinsic motivation?

Autonomy, competence, and relatedness.

Autonomy

Feeling that one is free of external pressures and able to make choices in a self-directed way

Competence

Taking on challenging tasks, and experiencing a sense of mastery when overcoming them and meeting your goals

Relatedness

Caring for others, to feel that others are relating to the self authentically and to feel a satisfying involvement with the social world

How does competence promote happiness

Meeting basic psychological needs is robustly related to well-being

How does autonomy promote happiness

Choosing daily personal projects that meet their needs

How does being high in achievement striving promote happiness

they rely most on meeting their competence needs

meeting needs = happier

What is the conclusion of the meta-analysis on intrinsic motivation?

External rewards may increase behavior but often reduce intrinsic motivation

What impact does external rewards have on eudemonic well-being

reducing eudemonic well-being and likelihood to continue behaviour in absence of the reinforcer

What is the primary motivating force in humans according to humanistic approaches?

Striving towards happiness.

What is the difference between humanistic and psychodynamic theories of motivation?

Humanistic theories focus on conscious experiences and happiness, while psychodynamic theories emphasize unconscious conflicts and desires.