Human Bio - Unit 4 - Common Exam Q (MOCKS)

What 4 conditions are usually required for a fossil to form? (4 marks) (WATP 2019)

- rapid burial
- presence of hard body parts of the organism
- absence of decay causing microorganisms
- a long period of stability

Describe the steps involved in creating a recombinant organism for the manufacture of a human hormone or vaccine (10 marks) (ER WATP 2019)

ANY 10 OF THE FOLLOWING:
- Use PCR to amplify the gene of interest from pathogenic organism/human DNA
- use restriction enzymes to cut out the gene of interest from the pathogenic organism/human DNA
- producing 'sticky ends'/staggered ends
- isolate a plasmid from a bacterium which will act as a vector
- Use the same restriction enzymes to cut the plasmid producing 'sticky ends'
- insert the gene of interest into the plasmid
- Treat the plasmid with DNA ligase to combine the gene of interest to the plasmid in a process called ligation
- Reinsert the plasmid into the bacterium
- allow the bacterium to manufacture the hormone/vaccine in a nutrient broth
- take samples of the broth
- Purify the samples to isolate the hormone/vaccine
- package the hormone/vaccine in a form that humans can consume