Psychology of Women Ch. 1+2

Who coined intersectionality?

Kimberle Crenshaw

What is intersectionality?

Both are a part of feminist theory and an approach that simultaneously considers the meaning and consequences of multiple categories of identity

Cisgender

Identifying as the gender you were assigned at birth

Transgender

Identifying as a different gender than the one you were assigned

Sex

Reproductive organs/physical characteristics of a male or female

Female deficit

Discusses the lack of women rather than the entitlement of men

Gender

The state of being male, female, both male and female, or neither male nor female

Gender binary

A system of conceptualizing gender as having two distinct groups

Cisgenderism

Prejudice against someone who isn’t one or the other

Sex differences

Biologically produced differences

Gender differences

Learned differences from society

Sexism

Bias/discrimination on gender

Old-fashioned sexism

Overt/obvious sexism, things like women's etiquette videos

What are the three pieces of modern sexism?

Antagonizing, denial, resentment

What does antagonizing mean here?

Feelings about women’s “demands”

What does denial mean here?

Denying that there is continuing discrimination against women

What does resentment mean here?

Resentment about perceived special favors granted to women

Benevolent sexism

Stereotypes women as weak and dependent (pedastal, pure beings)

Hostile sexism

Negative attitudes and unfair judgments

What is feminism?

Feminist is an adjective. When a person is feminist, they favor all levels of equality for everybody

What is the first wave of feminism?

Suffrage movement

What is the second wave of feminism?

Contraception, pay equality, ERA

What is the third wave of feminism?

Rectify the weaknesses in the first two waves, intersectionality

What is fourth wave feminism?

Fueled by recent advances in online tech

Who founded the #MeToo movement?

Tarana Burke

Feminine evil

Claims that the root of all evil is feminine (witches, yin yang, Eve)

Male as normative

NBA (WNBA), woMAN, Latinos/Latinas

Andocentric

Male-centric, “ette”

Intersex

Genitals not typical of a male or female

Fundamental attribution error

Inconsistency in explaining people’s behaviors

Generalization

A research error in which the results are said to apply to a broader group than the one sampled

Quasi-experiment design

A research study that compares two or more groups of participants

Phallic stage

According to Freud, the major differences between males and females originate in the phallic stage

Penis envy

According to Freud, woman are unhappy because they are envious of men’s genitalia.

Why are feminists critical of penis envy?

Because it assumes that penises are better than vagina and clitorises

Who coined womb envy?

Karen Horney

Helene Deutsch

Theorist that extended the psychoanalytic view of the psychology of women

The devaluation of women

Nancy Chodorow believed that this ^ was because women do almost all of the childcare

Gender typing

The acquisition of gender-specific behaviors and learning of gender roles

Self efficacy

Refers to our beliefs about our ability to accomplish something or to produce a particular outcome

Gender constancy

Used for the child’s understanding that gender is a permanent, unchanging dynamic

Heinz dilemma

Used to measure stage of moral reasoning