Geography Hazards - strategies to mitigate and manage tectonic hazards

Modifying the event

changing the way the event occurs

Modifying vulnerability

educating people, making the community prepared, prediciting and warning people about tectonic events, designing safter buildings, mapping the hazard and zoning the land use

Modifying loss

emergency aid, disaster response teams, search and resuce strategies, insurance and resources for rebuilding

Infastructure modifications used to mitigate against volcanic event in Indonesia

Lava diversion channels - take lava in different direction from the normal course, usually away from settlements

Diverting or delaying lava flows have been attempted by the use of explosives, water and physical barriers

Attempts to reduce people’s vulnerability to volanic eurptions - Indonesia

Indonesian parterns used satellite data to track lava and forecast potential for a larger event

Decision to extend evacuation zones from 15-20km saved between 10,000-20,000 lives

Funding for programmes was restricted owing to Indonesia’s relativelty week economy

Villagers on southern slopes were encouraged to relocated to safe zones

Mitigation CVGHM was established which over the years has constructed observatories on several active volcanoes - more than 60 volcanoes are being monitored

Attempts to increase resilience in communities to volanic eruptions - Indonesia

Indonesia has well-trained and well-equipped emergency services experiences in search and rescue

Temporary shelters in safe zones are available in case of evacuation

Authorities cleared river channels of volcanic matieral in order to reduce risk of flooding - some of this material has been used by community to rebuild houses and facilities

Infastructure modifications used to mitigate against volcanic event in Iceland

There were pre signs of eruption - had time to modify infastructure

built protective walls to protect Highway 1 - main road

Dug holes in the highway in 4 different places to help change and direct water from the flood and lavas path

Attempts to reduce people’s vulnerability to volanic eurptions - Iceland

monitoring was used which saves lives

combination of GPS, seismic monitoring and satellite radars used to track deformations and volcanic activity

Attempts to increase resilience in communities to volanic eruptions - Iceland

People share beliefs and values and worked with their neighbors and friends

People show respect to the authories

Authorities pushed notifications to phones

Modifications to mitigate against earthquakes - Haiti

Hard to modify as they are events which will occur as Haiti is along the conservative boundary

They should focus on mitigating the vulnerability and losses however it is one of the poorest countries so they don’t have the financial capacity to be more prepared

Attempts to reduce vulnerability to earthquake - Haiti

very few buildings were earthquake resistance - absence of building codes with a deficit licensed contractor contributed to disaster

90% of buildings made of clisse, bricks, stone, earth, limestone dust, unrefined sand - vulnerability of building were in more danger as they were build on slopes, hills without proper foundations

Attempts to increase resilience of communties to earthquakes - Haiti

one of poorest countries with over 72% living on less than $2 per day

did not have access to tech, no idea when earthquake would hit

EU gave $330 million

Between 23 major charities $1.1 bn had been collected for Haiti for relief efforts

Modifications to mitigate against earthquakes - Japan

No way to mitigate against earthquake

Japan’s economic and poltical stability makes recovery much easier

Attempts to reduce vulnerability to earthquake - Japan

Preparedness - fireproofing buildings, land use zoning

Research and monitoring - JMA mitigation strategies from natural disasters provides info and warning on impending earthquakes

Building design - aseismic designs and rubber shock absorbers

Emergency training drills for schools and businesses

Attempts to increase resilience of communties to earthquakes - Japan

New growth strategy - provides incentives to attract investment, both interms of business and reconstruction into the Tohoku region

Building Tsunami walls - govt started £5bn plan to defend 230 miles of coastlines with concrete walls