7.1 -7.3 HEIMLER

What were the underlying causes of World War I?

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism

What is militarism?

The desire of a state to develop and maintain a powerful military to aggressively advance their own interests.

What are alliances?

An agreement between two states for mutual self

What is imperialism?

An arrangement in which one country brings another under its political or economic dominion, creating bitter rivals.

What is nationalism?

A strong identification with one's own nation and people, often to the exclusion of others.

What was 'the spark' that ignited World War I?

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand on June 28, 1914, by Gavrilo Princip.

When did World War I begin?

July 28, 1914.

Who fought on the Allied side in World War I?

Britain, France, Russia, Italy, and the U.S.

Who fought on the Central Powers side?

Germany, Austria

How long did World War I last?

4 years, ending in 1918.

Why did World War I stretch on for so long?

New wartime technologies and trench warfare.

What are some new wartime technologies used in WWI?

Machine guns and chemical warfare.

What is trench warfare?

A type of warfare characterized by tough conditions and defensive strategies.

What is total war?

A war where all resources are poured into the war effort, including factories converting to war production.

What is propaganda?

A form of media that seeks to influence people's opinions based on exaggeration and misinformation.

Why did the U.S. get involved in World War I?

Unrestricted submarine warfare and the Zimmerman Telegram.

What was the impact of U.S. entry into World War I?

It turned the tide of war in favor of the Allies.

How was WWI a global war?

The U.S. was involved, battles were fought worldwide, and there was colonial activity.

How did the desire for colonial holdings keep the war going?

Japan entered to claim German land, and colonial troops served European powers.

What happened at the Paris Peace Conference?

The Treaty of Versailles was created, dominated by the Big Four: France, Britain, Italy, and the U.S.

What were the main points of the Treaty of Versailles?

It ended the war, broke up the Austro

What were the internal factors that led to Russia's decline?

Economic growth sluggish; no extension of voting rights or education.

What was Bloody Sunday?

A protest where people were shot at.

What were the external factors that led to Russia's decline?

1856 loss in Crimean War; 1905 loss to Japan in Russo~Japanese War.

What happened during the Russian Revolution?

Bolsheviks led by Vladimir Lenin overthrew the czar in 1917; a communist government was established.

What were the internal factors that led to China's decline?

Qing Dynasty/Ethnic tension; famine due to increased population; low Qing tax revenue.

What were the external factors that led to China's decline?

Industrial powers controlled China; dominated by foreign powers and free trade agreements.

What happened during China's 1911 Revolution?

Sun Yatsen led the revolution to overthrow the Qing dynasty; he later relinquished power to military leaders.

Why were the Ottomans referred to as the 'Sick Man of Europe'?

Due to military and economic issues.

What were the Tanzimat Reforms?

Modernization reforms in the Ottoman Empire.

Who were the Young Turks?

Advocates for a constitutional government; promoted Turkification and complained about European economic influence.

Who was Mustafa Kemal?

Established the Republic of Turkey in 1923; known as Ataturk; wanted to westernize and secularize Turkey.

Who was Porfirio Diaz?

A dictator known for his brutal rule and allowing foreign investors to control resources.

What was the inequality of wealth distribution in Mexico?

1% of people owned 90% of the land.

Who was Francisco Madero?

An opponent of Diaz who was imprisoned in 1910; sparked the revolution and later escaped.

What gains were made in the 1917 constitution of Mexico?

Voting rights, land distribution, and public education addressed.