DNA replication

DNA replication, transcription, translation

origin of replication

place on bacterial chromosomes where proteins open it ip and where DNA polymerase will work to split and start replication

replication fork

place where double stranded DNA is becoming two single strands

termination sequence

daughter cells will separate once they hit the

1 origin of replication

prokaryotes have ____ origins of replication

multiple origin of replication

eukaryotes have ___ origins of replication

replication bubbles open up to form two forks which open in 2 directions

how many replication forks do eukaryotic cells have?

gene expression

cell accessing information from genome

transcription

makes a single celled RNA copu of what was a double stranded DNA sequence called a MRNA

inititation

first step of transcription, RNA polymerase is guided to a promoter with the help of sigma factor

elongation

second step of transcription, RNA opens u[p transcription bubble where it peels apart two strands, reads one as template, and asses base pairs to link 

introns

sequences of DNA that are intervening between exons

second step

sequences that will be expressed

elongation

moving from right to left along the dna sequence

yes in prokaryotes, no in eukaryotes because modification needs to happen first

can translation take place at the same time as transcription?

tRNA

what are each codons read by

transduction

the movement of DNA from one bacterial cell to another bacterial cell by viruses or bacteriaphages

generalized transduction

genes from bacteriaphages are homologously recombined into chromosome of new bacteria

LYTIC viruses

immediately causes lysis and generalized transduction

LYSOGENIC viruses

causes specialized transduction after inte

lysogeny

new DNA being recombined into host cell chromosome

transposons

what are important forms of genetic mechanisms of movement that make up 30-40%of genes

insertion sequences

simple Tn with just a transposase, doesn’t cut/paste or copy/paste

conjugation

most common form of horizontal gene transfer in which DNA is transferred from parent cell to parent cell via f plasmid

transducing phage

phage with donor DNA that injects it into cell

R-plasmid

resistance plasmid