anatomy q4 review

.

Frenulum

sky blue arrow and orange arrow

Hard palate

thick black arrow on left

soft palate

lavender arrow

uvula

ivy green palate

palatine tonsil

red arrow

tongue

dark green arrow

lingual frenulum

dark purple arrow

sublingual salivary gland

yellow arrow

incisors

cuspids

bicuspids

molars

mastication

process of chewing

Peristalsis

wave like motion to move food

parotid gland

blue arrow

sublingual gland

purple arrow

Submandibular gland

red arrow

Duodenum

Small intestine

yellow region

Jejunum

Small intestine

purple region - middle

Ileum

Small intestine

pink region

CATDSRA

Large intestine order (letters)

Liver

Gall bladder

Common bile duct

Pancreas

stomach

plasma

55% of blood

Made up of:

Water

Amino acids

Proteins

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Vitamins

Minerals

Hormones

Electrolytes

Cellular waste

Cell contents

45% of blood

Erythrocytes

transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
also known as red blood cells

Leukocytes

defense and immunity
also known as white blood cells

Thrombocytes

blood clotting
also known as platelets

darker

less oxygen causes blood to get _____

Granulocyte

cells that show granules when stained

basophil

neutrophil

eosinophil

lymphocyte

B when in bones and
T when in thymus gland

Monocyte

largest of leukocytes

Agranulocyte

cells that do NOT have granules when stained

Hemolysis

breakdown of red blood cells
heme → biliverdin → bilrubin → bile

Hemostatis

positive feedback system of blood stoppage

Vasospasm

Stages of Clotting

Smooth muscle spasm to close blood vessels and reduce blood loss

Platelet Plug

Stages of Clotting

• Platelets swell

• form spiked processes

• become stickier

• releases chemical messengers

Coagulation

Stages of Clotting

fibrin forms a mesh that traps the red blood cells and platelets, forming the clot

O negative

Universal Blood Donor

AB positive

Universal Blood Acceptor

Ovulation

Fertilization

zygote

-First cell of a new individual

-The result of the fusion of DNA from sperm and egg

- begins rapid mitotic cell divisions

-The stage is in the uterine tube, moving toward the uterus

4 cell stage

Morula

16 cell stage

Early blastocyst

implanting blastocyst

around 100 cells

Embryo

developmental stage until 9th week

Ectoderm

Blastocyst outside layer

Mesoderm

blastocyst middle layer

Endoderm

Blastocyst inside layer

fetus

beginning of ninth week

All organ systems are formed by the end of the eighth week

Activities of the ____ are growth and organ specialization

This is a stage of tremendous growth and change in appearance

Labor

the series of events that expel the infant from  the uterus

 -Rhythmic, expulsive contractions

 -Operates by the positive feedback mechanism

False labor

Braxton Hicks take place and are contractions are weak,  irregular uterine contractions

Dilation

Stages of Labor

first stage

Uterine contractions begin and increase

Cervix softens and effaces (thins)

The amnion ruptures (“breaking the water”)

Longest stage at 6–12 hours

Expulsion

Stages of labor

second stage

Infant passes through the cervix and vagina

Can last as long as 2 hours, but typically is 50 minutes 

     in the first birth and 20 minutes in subsequent births

Normal delivery is head first (vertex position)

Breech presentation is buttocks-first

Placental Stage

Stages of Labor

Last stage

Delivery of the placenta

Usually accomplished within 15 minutes after birth of infant

Afterbirth—placenta and attached fetal membranes 

All placental fragments should be removed to avoid postpartum bleeding

Menopause

full year without menstruation

vas deferens

Conveys sperm cells to ejaculatory duct

testes

12, Produce sperm

spermatic cord

contains vas deferens

seminiferous tubules

Produce sperm

epididymis

Stores & maturation of sperm cells; 🡪 vas deferens

scrotum

11, Encloses, protect & regulates temperature of testes

prepuce

urethra

penis

Conveys urine & semen to outside of body; inserted into vagina during sexual intercourse

glans penis

richly supplied with sensory nerve endings associated with feeling of pleasure during sexual stimulation.

urinary bladder

seminal vesicles

prostate gland

viscous alkaline fluid containing fructose, ascorbic acid,  coagulating enzyme (vesiculase), and prostaglandins

bulbourethra

Secretes fluid that lubricates end of the penis

anus

rectum

20

Below this sperm count is infertile (millions)

60%

what percent sperm should have normal shapes(morphology)

2-5

how many ml volume is normal

Liquefaction

Within a few minutes after ejac. Sperm should  coagulate and then liquify again after 15-30 min.

60%

What percent of sperm should have moving flagella?(motility)

relaxin

this hormone enhances sperm motility

seminalplasmin

antibiotic chemical that destroys certain bacteria

fibrinolysin

liquefies the sticky mass

alkaline

found in semen, neutralizes the acid environment found in the male urethra and female vagina

infertility

unable to reproduce or get pregnant , may cause irregular periods or hormone problems, hair, and function.

meiosis

a process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information

ejaculation

the semen is expelled by strong spasmodic contractions of the bulbocavernosus muscle

Fertilization

occurs when a sperm and an oocyte (egg) combine and their nuclei fuse

vagina

What is 1?

fimbrae

Small strands near number 7 (not number 7 itself)

clitoris

What is 3?

urinary bladder

What is 4?

uterus

What is 5?

ovary

What is 6?

fallopian tube

What is 7?