Lecture 7, Part 2: Race and Ethnicity

Two Defining Terms: Indigenous Population

1. Explosions

2. Genocide

Expulsions

Forcible removal of the population, from their territory and then claimed by another

• E.g., putting Indigneous peoples in residential homes and colonizing their land

Genocide

Internal extermination of a population defined by race or a people

• E.g., “Kill the Indian in the child”

Model minority

Standard where minorities are set to be considered upstanding citizens

• E.g., Asians are good at math, Indians smell bad

Stereotypes

Generalization, usually based on incomplete info

Prejudice

Attitudes and racist belies that tend to favour one group over another or treat unequal

• Attitudes are contempt, fear, and loathing

Model minority problem

1. Ignores challenges POC have experienced

2. Further reinforces racial divide

Problem with prejudice

1. Often comes from stereotypes

2. Pre-convinced negative opinion or attitude about a group of people

3. Negative stereotypes are rooted on an early age

Discrimination

Act of treating someone unequal based on race, prejudge, and stereotypes

Positive forms: Discrimination

Better educational opportunities, work promotion, and access to services

Negative forms of discrimination

Withholding of rights and basic care

Racialization

How certain behaviours, attitudes, habits, and expectations become linked to a specific group

Forms of racism

1. Physical brutality

2. Micro aggressions

3. Institutional and systemic racism

4. Cultural appropriation

Micro-aggressions

Brief everyday, exchanges that send denigrating messages to people because of their group membership

Institutional and systemic racism

Inherent bias in social institutions

• Not often noticed by members of the majority group

Forms of cultural appropriation

1. Stealing artifacts and using them inappropriately

2. Mocking of culture

• E.g., British museums and minstrel

Colonization

Extent of control over an area

20th century colonization

1. Foreign people travel to place then dominate place’s people, culture and economy

2. Access to resources

3. Make-up of people, cultures, languages, etc

Colonialism: Canadian Perspective

Indigenous people didn’t want to use their land like Europeans did

Colonial differences in land

1. Agriculture

2. Urban development

3. Resource extraction

4. Creation of villages, towns, and cities

Settler Society: Consequences

1. Deny and minimize conquest of genocide and exploitation of Indigenous peoples

2. Immigrants of colour are seen as “arriving to late”

Two charter groups

1. British

2. French

Indigenous Health

• Have the poorest health outcomes of any minority group

• Factors include

1. High poverty, unemployment and housing

2. Fewer healthcare professionals in remote areas

3. Marginalization, dismissed and disregard in healthcare

4. Suffer from residential instability

Marginalization

Process that denies people to important positions/power within any society

Indigenous people: Marginalization cons

1. High mental health issues (e.g., depression, anxiety, substance abuse disorder, lateral violence)

2. Higher suicide rates