Muscle naming, muscles of the head and neck

what does myology mean?

the study of muscle

what are the 5 functions of skeletal muscle?

body movement, maintenance of posture, temperature regulation, support, storage and movement of materials

How does body movement relate to skeletal muscle

many skeletal muscles work in groups

How does maintenance of posture relate to skeletal muscle

muscle tone (continual contraction) keeps body from collapsing

How does temperature regulation relate to skeletal muscle

heat is produced when the muscles contract

How does storage and movement of materials relate to skeletal muscle

sphincters (circular muscle around openings) open and close

How does support relate to skeletal muscle

help hold organs in place ex. abdominal and pelvic floor muscles

select the mastoid process

what are the attachment muscles for the head and neck?

cervical vertebrae, sternum, and clavicle

what is the epicranius?

composed of the occipitofrontalis muscle and epicranial aponeurosis

what does the frontal belly of the occipitoalis do?

elevate eyebrows and wrinkles skin of forehead

what does the occipital belly of the occipitofrontalis do?

retracts scalp slightly

what does the orbicularis oculi do?

wink, blink, and squint. aka “crows feet”

what does the orbicularis oris do?

closes and purses lips, “pucker up for a kiss”

what does the zygomatic major do?

elevates the corner of the mouth, “smile”

what does the depressor angular oris do?

depresses corner of mouth, “frown”

what does the buccinator do?

pulls cheeks against teeth when chewing, some trumpet (aka bugle) players stretch out this muscle

what does the platysma do?

tenses skin of neck and depresses lower lip, “pout”

what is facial nerve paralysis aka “bell palsy”

paralysis of the muscles of facial expression (inflammation/compression of the facial nerve)

what are the 3 causes of “facial nerve paralysis aka “bell palsy”

herpes simplex 1 virus, cold temperature exposure, lyme disease bacteria

what is mastication?

the process of chewing

where does mastication occur?

moves the mandible at the temporomandibular joint (between temporal bone and mandible) i

important bones regarding mastication (3)

mandible, temporal bone, sphenoid bone(pterygoid processes)

what is the masseter?

elevates and protracts (prolong) mandible (zygomatic arch and mandible)

what is the temporalis?

elevates and retracts (draw back) mandible

what is the medial pterygoid?

elevates and protracts mandible, and moves mandible side to side

what is the lateral pterygoid?

elevates and protracts mandible, and moves mandible side to side (lateral)

what does glossus mean?

tongue

what is the genioglossus and its attachments?

it protracts (protrudes) the tongue, tongue and mandible

what is the styloglossus and its attachments?

elevates and retracts tongue, sphenoid and tongue

what is the hyoglossus and its attachments?

it depresses and retracts the tongue, hyoid and tongue

what are the suprahyoid muscles and positioning?

elevate the hyoid

-superior to hyoid

-elevate hyoid

-raise floor of mouth when swallowing

what are the infrahyoid muscles and positioning?

depress the hyoid

-below hyoid bone

-depress the hyoud

-swallowing and speaking

what is the sternocleidomastoid?

each rotates head to one side, together. flexes the head and neck

what are the bony attachments to the sternocleidomastoid

sternum, clavicle, mastoid process of skull

what is congenital muscular toticollis?

it is the tightening of muscles causing the head to be constricted and tilt towards one side/shoulder. it is present at birth

what is the splenis capitis?

each rotates head to one side, together to extend the head/neck “head bandage”

what skull muscle is this?

mastoid process

what skull muscle is this?

zygomatic bone

what skull muscle is this?

frontal bone

what skull muscle is this?

occipital bone

what skull muscle is this?

temporal bone

what skull muscle is this?

medial pterygoid process

what skull muscle is this?

lateral pterygoid process

what skull muscle is this?

mandible

what facial expression bone is this?

epicranius

what facial expression bone is this?

frontal belly

what facial expression bone is this?

occipital belly

what facial expression bone is this?

orbicularis oculi

what facial expression bone is this?

orbicularis oris

what facial expression bone is this?

zygomaticus major

what facial expression bone is this?

depressor anguli oris

what facial expression bone is this?

buccinator

what facial expression bone is this?

platysma