Plastics / Reconstruction Self-Study

Plastic reconstructive surgery is (three answers)

restoration of normal appearance, cosmetic improvement, and aesthetic surgery

The main goal of plastic surgery is to

restore normal function and appearance

The removal of foreign material, dead tissue, and/or damaged tissue from a wound

debridement

Tissue that is transplanted or implanted in a part of the body to repair a defect

graft

Absence of the external ear

microtia

Mentoplasty is

reconstruction of the chin

Physical sanding of the skin to remove embedded dirt, tattoos, or to improve acne scars

dermabrasion

What are three benefits of using a pressure dressing?

prevents edema, conforms to body contour, and distributes pressure evenly

A dressing held in place by long suture ends criss-crossed and tied over it is called a

stent dressing

When local anesthetic is passed to the surgeon, the tech should

state the type and percentage

Which procedure is followed if someone is stuck with a needle intraoperatively?

Discard the needle and change their glove

What is the most desirable method for needle accountability?

Proper usage of a needle mat

Colorless prep solution may be indicated for

plastic surgery

A graft containing epidermis and only a portion of the dermis is called a

split-thickness skin graft (STSG)

Good contact between a skin graft and the recipient site is facilitated by the use of a

stent dressing

The medical term for a face lift is

rhytidectomy

What are the three main functions of a dressing?

Wound protection, drainage collection, and providing comfort

Adherent, occlusive dressing that is used when slight or no drainage is expected and is a transparent polyurethane film, usually used for the donor site of a skin graft

Tegaderm

What is used for exsanguination of a limb prior to the use of a tourniquet?

Esmarch

What is a skin graft taken with?

A dermatome

Nonadherent gauze (three)

Adaptic, Xeroform, Nugauze

Many plastic surgeries are performed with what type of anesthesia?

Local, regional, and/or MAC

Syndactyly refers to

webbing of the digits

Which muscle is utilized to effect a TRAM flap in a breast reconstruction?

The transrectus abdominis muscle

The most widely used method of scar revision next to scar removal is

Z-plasty

A skin graft that contains both the epidermis and the dermis is a

full-thickness skin graft (FTSG)

Commonly used medications used for local anesthesia

1% lidocaine, 0.25% marcaine, 0.5% marcaine

Three early signs of local anesthetic toxicity

restlessness, tingling in the mouth, and lightheadedness

A commonly used sedation drug

Versed

An example of breast reduction using myocutaneous flap technique is

latissimus dorsi flap

Term that refers to tissue that is detaches from one area of the body and transferred to another with part of or all of its blood supply intact

flap

A technique used to stretch normal tissue, mechanically creating redundancy of normal tissue to correct a defect

tissue expansion

A common way to reduce a mandibular fracture

arch bars and wires

Term that refers to abnormal smallness of the jaw

micrognathia

Removal of redundant skin and fat of the upper and lower eyelids

blepharoplasty

Skin taken from a human cadaver donor is called a

homograft

A sunburn with blisters, pain, and peeling is most likely classified as

2nd degree

Closure of a cleft lip is called

cheiloplasty

The most common method of measuring total body surface area

Rule of Nines

The vascular, sensitive layer of the skin

the dermis

Which skin graft site receives the graft?

The recipient site

Type of burn resulting from contact with fire, hot objects, or hot fluids

thermal burn

Type of burn resulting from contact with corrosives or irritants

chemical burn

The degree of burn that involves the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layers

3rd

At what degree of burn is a skin graft required?

3rd

Which type of burn (thermal, chemical, electrical, radiation) would most likely cause a 4th degree burn?

Electrical

Name three instruments commonly used when working on delicate tissue

skin hooks, iris scissors, mosquito clamps

A technique in which a small cannula is inserted into the subcutaneous tissue and the fat is suctioned out

lipectomy

Pig skin is a common example of which type of graft? a) heterograft b) xenograft c) skin graft d) all of the above

d) all of the above

An incision that runs along the hairline and in front of the ears is used for what procedure?

Rhytidectomy / facelift

Another term for submucous resection

septoplasty

A breast reduction is indicated when the patient has what three symptoms?

Deep grooves in shoulders, back pain, and gigantomastia

A skin graft taken from a patient can be preserved in saline in a refrigerator for up to

two weeks

Breast implants are filled with

silicone or saline

Lop ears are corrected by what procedure?

otoplasty

In order for a skin graft to survive, what conditions have to exist?

Adequate blood supply, contact between graft and site, and immobilization of the site

What type of skin graft can be meshed?

A split-thickness skin graft

The donor site for a full-thickness skin graft needs to be

sutured closed

When positioning and draping the patient for a skin graft, it’s important to

expose both the donor and the recipient site

When prepping for a skin graft procedure, all of the following are true EXCEPT

a) prep is done gently b) prep is performed for 10 minutes c) colorless prep is used d) a separate prep is used for each site

b) prep is performed for 10 minutes

What type of anesthetic block is used for reconstructive hand surgery?

A Bier block (AKA intravenous local anesthesia)

Three functions of intact skin

heat regulation, prevents water loss, serves as a barrier against infection

All of the following rules cover correct handling of prosthesis, EXCEPT

a) gloves should be powder free b) must be dry before implantation c) must be placed on a lint free surface to be sterilized d) must never be touched with an ungloved hand because of the oils on the skin

b) must be dry before implantation (implants / prostheses do not have to be dry before implantation)

Which layers of the skin are included in a full-thickness skin graft?

Epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue

The degree of burn that destroys all the layers of the skin and includes the subcutaneous tissue

3rd

The term microtia means

absence of the pinna

The term syndactyly means

webbed digits

What degree of burn is a sunburn?

1st

In a 3rd degree burn, charred and pearly white tissue is referred to as

eschar

According to the rule of nines, what percentage is the front and back of the trunk of the body?

18% each

Contracture of the palmar fascia of the hand is referred to as

Dupuytren’s contracture

Term that refers to abnormal enlargement of the male breast is

gynecomastia

What is used to expand a split thickness skin graft?

Derma-carrier

What liquid is used at the donor site for lubrication when taking a STSG?

mineral oil

When tissue is taken from one part of the body and grafted to another, it’s called an

autograft

The scab or slough produced by a thermal burn is called

eschar

The medical term for a face lift is

rhytidectomy

Removal of devitalized tissue is called

debridement

Tissue transfer from one part of the body to another with the blood supply left intact is called a

pedicle flap graft

Special fine-tipped tissue forceps commonly used in plastic surgery

Brown-Adson tissue forceps

Which kind of suture is most commonly used for hand surgery?

5-0 Nylon on a cutting needle

What extra supplies are needed to take a STSG?

mineral oil and wooden tongue blades

The device used to expand a skin graft by making multiple uniform slits is a

Dermamesher

A TRAM flap is used during what surgery?

breast reconstruction

Another name for a mole is a

neves

Burns are assessed using what rule?

The Rule of Nines

The Brown and Padgett are what type of dermatome?

drum dermatome

A xenograft for human skin replacement most commonly comes from which animal?

pig (porcine)

During peripheral nerve repair, what suture is most commonly used?

stainless steel

Another name for an IV regional anesthesia block is

Bier block