year9 exam 1

Nucleus function

Stores DNA

Golgi body function

Stores and organises proteins

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum function

Transports and makes fats and lipids

Rough endoplasmic reticulum function

Transports and makes proteins

Cytoplasm function

Site of chemical reactions

Ribosome function

produces proteins

Cell membrane function

controls substance that go in and out of the cell

Nucleolus function

produces ribosomes

Nuclear membrane function

controls substances that go in and out of the nucleus

Chloroplast function

site of photosynthesis

Cell wall function

protects and give the cell structure

Mitochondria function

creates energy through cellular respiration

Vacuole function

temporary storage space

Differences between animal and plant cells

Animal cells have no chloroplasts or genetics for photosynthesis and have no cell wall

Explain the function of DNA in all living organisms

DNA holds the instructions for the development and genetics of all living things. Without DNA you wouldn't exist.

Explain the relationship between genes, chromosomes and DNA

They all work together to make you who you are.

Genes definiton

Segments of your DNA which give you characteristics

Chromosomes definition

Chromosomes carry DNA in cells

Name the 4 nitrogenous bases and their pairs

Adenine + Thymine
Guanine + Cytosine

Name the scientists involved in the discovery of DNA structure

Crick, Franklin, Watson and Wilkins

What are examples of inherited traits?

eye colour, height and hair colour

what are the sex chromosomes?

XX for a female, XY for a male

What is down syndrome shown as in a karyotype?

extra chromosome 21

What is turners syndrome shown as in a karyotype?

only one X chromosome instead of 2

What is Klinefelter syndrome shown as in a karyotype?

2 X chromsomes and one Y chromosome

What are homologous pairs?

one chromosome being inherited from the mum and one from the dad.

what are autosomes and how many do we have?

they are the numbered chromosomes, we have 22 pairs of them

what are sex chromosomes?

they carry the information that determines the sex of an individual.

what is a haploid cell?

a cell that contains a single set of chromosomes.

what is a diploid cell?

a cell that contains a pair of chromosomes.

what is a dominant trait?

a stronger trait compared to a recessive trait.

what is a recessive trait?

a weaker trait compared to a dominant trait.

what is a phenotype?

Observable traits resulted in genotype interacting with environment.

What is an allele?

You inherit two versions of each gene, known as alleles, from each parent

Homozygous definition

2 of the same alleles inherited

heterozygous definiton

2 different versions of the same allele inherited

what is a genotype?

A person's genotype is their unique sequence of DNA.

What is a trait?

A characteristic determined by genes

Define carrier.

a person who can pass an inherited disease on to their children but does not have the disease.

Define pure breeding.

A way to produce offspring that would carry the same phenotype as the parents.

What is the structure of an atom?

includes a central nucleus that is surrounded by one or more negatively charged electrons.

How do you calculate number of protons?

using the atomic number

What is APE?

Atomic number = protons = electrons

How to find the number of neutrons?

Mass number - protons

Why are noble gases not reactive?

Because they have a full valence shell which makes them stable

What is a neutral atom?

An atom that has an evenly neutral charge

What is an anion?

A negatively charged ion

What is a cation?

A positively charged ion

What is an ion?

A version of an atom that has a different number of electrons

Why do metals form cations?

Because its easier to lose electrons to achieve a full outer shell

Why do non-metals form anions?

Because its easier to gain electrons to achieve a full outer shell.

What is metallic bonding?

it is the bonds of attraction between metals and electrons

What are some properties of metals?

malleable, lustrous and high melting and boiling points

What is a metal alloy?

A combination of 2 or more metals

What are metalliods?

elements that have similar properties to metals and non metals