History 5th section

Baghdad

The capital of the Abbasid Caliphate, established in 762762 CE, which became a leading center for trade, culture, and the House of Wisdom during the Islamic Golden Age.

Caliph

The capital of the Abbasid Caliphate, established in 762762 CE, which became a leading center for trade, culture, and the House of Wisdom during the Islamic Golden Age.

Sunni

The branch of Islam that believes the head of the community should be chosen by consensus; they follow the SunnahSunnah and the example of the early caliphs.

Shiite

The branch of Islam that believes the leadership of the Muslim world should be reserved for the direct descendants of the Prophet Muhammad through Ali.

Sufis

A group of Muslims who seek a mystical, personal connection with God through ascetic practices, meditation, and spiritual discipline.

Umayyad

The first hereditary dynasty of the Islamic Empire (661−750661−750 CE), which moved the capital to Damascus and expanded the empire into Spain and Central Asia.

Abbasids

The dynasty that overthrew the Umayyads in 750750 CE and ruled until 12581258 CE, known for shifting the capital to Baghdad and fostering major intellectual achievements.