Chapter 5 Gender Equality

What event in 2013 highlighted poor labor conditions for women garment workers in Bangladesh?

The collapse of the Rana Plaza building.

What are the four principal components used to measure gender equality?

1. Education, 2. Health, 3. Economic and labor participation, 4. Political empowerment.

What does the Gender Inequality Index (GII) measure?

Inequalities in reproductive health, empowerment, and economic status.

Which country ranks the highest for gender equality according to the Global Gender Gap Index?

Iceland.

What is the main purpose of SDG 5?

To achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls.

What phenomenon describes the negative perception or hostility towards women based on their gender?

Gender discrimination.

How has the COVID-19 pandemic uniquely impacted gender inequality?

It has exacerbated existing inequalities, increased domestic violence, and raised women's unpaid care work.

What percentage of women globally are estimated to have experienced physical or sexual violence?

Approximately 35%.

What is the concept of 'missing women' related to?

The discrepancy in the expected number of women in a population due to selective abortion and excess female deaths.

What is an example of a policy undertaken to support gender equality in Tunisia?

The introduction of the Law on Eliminating Violence against Women.

What is female genital mutilation (FGM) defined as?

Any procedure involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia for non-medical reasons.

What legal document was adopted in 1979 to address discrimination against women?

The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW).

Why is education considered critical for women's empowerment?

It breaks the cycle of poverty and transforms lives, leading to better economic opportunities.

What does gender equity refer to?

Fairness of treatment for men and women according to their respective needs.

What structural issue is highlighted regarding women's participation in the labor market?

Women on average hold less than 30% of managerial positions globally.

What are some of the systemic barriers women face in achieving equal pay?

Occupational segregation, undervaluation of female-dominated jobs, and discrimination.

What practice continues to affect girls in many societies, placing them at a disadvantage?

Child marriage.

How have initiatives like Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao contributed to gender equality in India?

They promote education for girls and discourage child marriage.

What was a significant outcome of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action adopted in 1995?

It set a comprehensive agenda for achieving gender equality and women's empowerment.

What role do grassroots movements play in advancing women's rights?

They engage local communities in advocating for gender equality and addressing harmful practices.

What challenge do women face in accessing reproductive health services globally?

Cultural norms and lack of access to information and resources.

What is the gender wage gap?

The difference in earnings between men and women in the labor market.

Which index measures discrimination against women in social institutions?

Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI).