connective tissue

connective

• widely spaced cells w extracellular material

• support and bind tght w other tissues

• rich blood supply (except cartilage)

• support and connection

what is connective tissue

• cells

• fluid

• fibers

• ground substance

collagenous

• made of collagen

• major type

• like string (tough and flexible, but inelastic)

elastic

• thinner than collagenous

• composed of protein elastin

• like a rubber band (stretch and recoil)

reticular

• thin single strands of collagenous fiber

• thinner

• forms a fine meshwork (like a spongy)

ground substance

• nonliving material that cells and proteins are found within

• liquid

  • blood plasma

• semisolid

  • loose connective tissue

• solid

  • bone and cartilage

connective tissue classification

• loose vs dense

• cartilage

• bone

• blood

loose

• areolar

• adipose

• reticular

dense (collagenous)

• regular

• irregular

• elastic

  • less ground substance

areolar tissue

• often found deep to epithelium

  • papillary layer of dermis

  • loose due to lots of empty space

adipose

• cells that store fat in adipose tissue

  • adipocytes (fat storing cells)

  • maintains heat, energy in form of fat

    • hypodermis

reticular (loose)

reticular fibers → supportive mesh of reticular tissue

• stroma of spleen

dense regular

tightly paced parallel fibers define regular dense connective tissue

• tendon

• all the fibers are running in one direction to go against force

dense irregular

• strong in multiple directions

• interwoven fibers provide tensile strength

  • reticular layer of dermis due to network of collagenous fibers

dense elastic

• elastic fibers allow elastic tissue to expand and recoil w/o damage

  • aorta wall

hyaline cartilage

• most common and weakest

  • not much fibers

  • no blood vessels

• found of articular surface

• ground substance is solid

fibrocartilage

• lots of collagen fibers

• running in same direct resist compression

  • intervertebral disks

elastic cartilage

• elastic fibers make elastic cartilage resilient and flexible

bone

• more solid that cartilage = more support

blood

• fluid connective tissue

• plasma = watery ground substance and protein fibers

bone as structure

• organic and inorganic component

  • structural support for the body

  • a substrate for muscles ex). mvmt and breathing

  • space for hemopoiesis (blood cell production)

epiphysis

• end of long bone

  • cancellous (spongy) and cortical (outer) bone

  • formed from secondary ossification center

diaphysis

• midshaft

• cortical bone

• formed from primary ossification (process of bone formation) center

  • first site of ossification

metaphysis

• location of fused growth plate between epiphysis and diaphysis

periosteum

• superficial fibrous layer and site of bone formation

osteon

• circular layers of bone surrounding a central canal

central canal

• space within the osteon that contains blood vessels and nerves

joints

where bones, bones nad cartilage or bones and teeth are in contact

fibrous

dense fibrous connective tissue, pretty stable

cartilaginous

cartilage

synovial

fluid-filled joint cavity, higher mobility

synarthrotic

immobile

amphiarthrotic

slightly mobile

diarthrotic

freely mobile

intervertebral disc

• annulus fibrosis - outer ring

• nucleus pulposus - inner protein gel

• degeneration

synarthrotic and fibrous

gomphosis (in teeth) and suture

amphiarthrotic and fibrous

syndesmosis between ulna and radius

synarthrotic and cartilaginous

epiphyseal plate and costochondral joints

amphiarthrotic and cartilaginous

symphyses of fibrocartilage

diarthrotic and synovial

• diarthrotic joints are always synovial joints

synovial joint type

• uniaxial (hinge joint): lower range of motion

• biaxial (saddle joint): moderate

• multiaxial (ball and socket): greater

ankle joint

uniaxial

synovial joint articular discs

• thin fibrocartilage separating synovial cavity space

bursae

• fibrous sacs of synovial fluid

  • when found surrounding ligaments and tendons, can be called sheaths

bursitis

• swelling of bursae, caused by trauma/prolonged pressure/infection

tendinitis

inflammation of tendons