Multiple choice prep questions for exam one

What are the three phases of hemostasis ?

Vascular phase, platelet phase, and coagulation phase

Which blood type is considered the universal donor because it lacks A and B antigens on its erythrocytes?

Type O

What is the primary function of hemostasis?

To stop blood loss and allow for vessel repair

Which phase of hemostasis involves the contraction of smooth muscle in blood vessels?

Vascular phase

What forms a temporary plug to limit leakage during the platelet phase of homeostasis?

Platelet plug

The transformation of prothrombin into thrombin is a key step in which phase of hemostasis?

Coagulation phase

What is the final product of the coagulation cascade that forms a network to pull damaged vessel ends together?

Fibrin

What determines an individuals ABO blood type?

The type of antigens on the surface of erythrocytes

If an individual has type A blood, what antigens are present on their erythrocytes?

A antigens only

Hormones are best describes as

Chemical messengers that travel in the blood

Which of the following is NOT a stimulus for hormone release?

Cellular stimulus

Hydrophobic hormones, like lipid derivatives, often require chaperone proteins to travel through the blood because:

They are not water soluble and need protection from the aqueous environment of blood

What is the primary function of erythrocytes?

Oxygen transport

Which component of blood is primarily responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure?

Albumin

Where does erythropoiesis, the production of red blood cells, primarily occur?

Bone marrow

Which type of leukocyte is characterized by visible granules in its cytoplasm and plays a role in digesting pathogens?

Neutrophil

Platelets are fragments of which larger cell type?

Megakaryocyte

Which part of the pituitary gland releases hormones in response to hormonal stimulation from the hypothalamus?

Adenohypophysis (anterior)

Hormones released from the neurohypophysis are produced in which part of the brain?

Hypothalamus

The hypophyseal portal system is a direct blood pathway between:

Hypothalamus and the adenohypophysis

Which hormones are produced by the thyroid glans and target cells to support metabolism?

T3 and T4

What is the primary role of calcitonin in calcium balance?

Inhibit osteoclasts and decrease blood calcium

The adrenal cortex is divided into three zones. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

Zone medulla

Which hormone , released by the zona fasciulata of the adrenal cortex , stimulates glucose sparing?

Cortisol

The adrenal medulla releases which type of hormones in response to neural stimuli, preparing the body for “fight-or-flight”?

Catecholamines