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What are steroid hormones derived from?
cholesterol
Where are steroid hormones synthesized?
adrenal glands and gonads
Where are the receptors steroid hormones bind to located?
located in cytosol (intracellular receptors)
What are the classes of steroid hormones?
mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens, estrogens, progestins
What is the function of mineralocorticoids?
involved in electrolyte regulation
What is the function of glucocorticoids?
involved in carb metabolism and immune system regulation
What are androgens?
male sex hormones (ex. testosterone)
What are estrogens?
female sex hormones
What are progestins?
steroid hormones involved in menses regulation and lactation
Which sex produces progestins?
males and females
Draw steroid hormone synthesis
What is cholesterol converted to in steroid hormone synthesis?
progesterone (C21)
How is cholesterol converted to in steroid hormone synthesis?
side chain on cholesterol is cleaved
What enzyme catalyzes cholesterol to progesterone?
cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc)
What is cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme referred to as?
P450scc
What can progesterone be converted to?
many steroid hormones (mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens, estrogens)
What enzyme catalyzes breakdown of progesterone to androgen?
lyase
What enzyme catalyzes breakdown of androgen to estrogen?
aromatase
What enzyme catalyzes breakdown of progesterone to mineralocorticoid?
21 alpha hydroxylase
What enzyme catalyzes breakdown of progesterone to glucocorticoid?
21 alpha hydroxylase
Describe the path of steroid hormones to the cell
transported in blood with carrier proteins
free form diffuses through cell membrane
binds to intracellular hormone receptors
Do all steroid hormones have the same receptor?
no bind to their respective receptors
What occurs when the steroid hormone binds to its HR?
conformational change occurs resulting in dimerization
HR translocates to nucleus and binds to DNA Hormone Response Elements (HRE)
This binding upregulates transcription of associated genes
Define dimerization
formation of dimer
What does HR resemble as it binds to its HRE?
transcription factor
What does HRE resemble when HR binds to it?
enhancer
