NUTRITION_ PHOTOSYNTHESIS (2)

Nutrition

Nutrition

The biochemical and physiological process by which an organism uses food to support its life.

Malnutrition

Failure to obtain the required amount of nutrients.

Autotrophic Nutrition

The mode of nutrition in which organisms, such as plants, synthesize their food using light, carbon dioxide, and water.

Heterotrophic Nutrition

The mode of nutrition in which organisms, such as animals and humans, depend on plants for their food.

Photosynthesis

The process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar.

Chlorophyll

A green pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs light for photosynthesis.

Cuticle

A transparent, waxy layer on leaves that prevents water loss by evaporation.

Palisade Mesophyll

Rod-shaped cells in leaves that contain large numbers of chloroplasts for photosynthesis.

Spongy Mesophyll

A layer of smaller cells in leaves with air spaces that allow gas exchange.

Xylem

Vessels in plants that carry water from the roots to the leaves.

Phloem

Vessels in plants that carry dissolved nutrients such as sugar.

Stomata

Tiny pores on leaves surrounded by guard cells that regulate gas exchange.

Chloroplasts

Organelles in plant cells that store the energy of sunlight and contain chlorophyll.

Photosynthesis Equation

The general equation for photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2.

Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB)

Occurs when toxin-producing algae grow excessively in a body of water.

Cyanobacteria

Also known as blue-green algae, capable of oxygenic photosynthesis and important for aquatic ecosystems.

Algae

A group of predominantly aquatic photosynthetic organisms.

Food chain

Green plants - primary consumers - secondary consumers - tertiary consumers - quaternary consumers - predator

Types of nutrition

autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition

types of heterotrophic nutrition

saprotrophic nutrition, palisade nutrition, holozoic nutrition

saprotrophic nutrition

feeds on dead and decaying matter

parasitic nutrition

obtain nutrients from living organisms

holozoic nutrients

the organisms feed by ingesting solid organic matter which is then digested and absorbed into their bodies

example of saprotrophic nutrition

fungi and bread molds

example of parasitic nutrition

cuscuta and tape worm

example of holozoic nutrition

human beings, animals

modes of nutrition of plants

autotrophic nutrition

modes of nutrition of most protozoa

heterotrophic

modes of nutrition of most bacteria

heterotrophic - parasitic

Jan Ingenhousz

discovered that light is essential for photosynthesis.

modes of nutrition of some bacteria

autotrophic

modes of nutrition of algae

autotrophic nutrition

modes of nutrition of phytoplankton

autotrophic

Joseph Priestley

found that plants release oxygen

Melvin Calvin

mapped the Calvin Cycle

upper epidermis

A protective layer of cells that produces the cuticle. The epidermis is is also transparent and very thin to allow maximum light penetration

lower epidermis

contain pores called stomata that allow carbon dioxide and oxygen to move in and out of the plant respectively.

Food chain example with animals

Green plants, worm/cow, snake/lion, snake, owl/crocodile, lion/shark