17.1 Chromosomes, Genes, and Proteins

Inheritance

transmission of genetic info from generation to generation

Chromosome

thread-like structure of DNA carrying genetic info in the form of genes

Gene

length of DNA that codes for a protein

Allele

version of a gene

Haploid

has single set of unpaired chromosomes

Diploid

has 2 sets of chromosomes

Male sex chromosome

XY

Female sex chromosome

XX

Gene Expression
> All body cells contain g__
> Many genes not e__ bc cell only makes specific p__ it needs
> Diff. a__ acid seq. = diff. protein s__

genes, expressed, protein, amino, shape

DNA Base Sequence
AT, CG ; a__-t__, c__-g__

adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine

Sequence of base

genetic code for putting together amino acids in correct order to make specific protein

D__ controls cell function
> controls production of p__ (some are enzymes), antibodies, n.transmitter receptors

DNA, protein

Protein Synthesis
1. G__ coding for p__ remains in n__
2. m__ molecules carry copy of gene → c__
3. mRNA passes thru r__
4. Ribosome assembles a__ acids → protein molecules
5. Specific order of amino acids determined by s__ of bases in mRNA

gene, protein, nucleus, mRNA, cytoplasm, ribosomes, amino, sequence

mRNA
> m__ RNA
> bases A-__, C-G
>> the blank is also known as __

messenger, u, uracil