APUSH Period 1

AMSCO Notes combined with Heimler's History

1492

1492

Year of Columbus’ arrival on October 12.

1607

First permanent English settlement at Jamestown.

Motives for exploration

Spread Christianity, water routes, fur trading, mines, and plantations.

Aztecs

Major civilization of North America in Mexico.

Mayans

Mayor civilization of Central America in the Yucatan peninsula.

Incas

Major civilization of South America in the Andes mountains (Peru and Bolivia).

Maize & potatos

Crops in South America.

Pueblo

Civilization near Utah and Colorado.

Sedentary

Type of population that settled and didn’t move around as much. Ex. Chumash.

Nomadic

Hunter-Gather type populations that moved often. Ex. Ute.

Mississippi River Valley

Fertile land with many populations due to rich food supply Ex. Hopewell.

Prince Henry the Navigator

Portuguese, established trading post empire after sailing around Africa.

Isabella & Ferdinand

United Castille and Aragon empires to create Spain under the Catholic Christian banner.

Christopher Columbus

Italian, asked Spain Monarchs for Sponsorship to find a new water route to India. Landed in the Caribbean Island of San Salvador on Oct. 12, 1492.

Line of Demarcation

Drawn by the Pope to separate Spain and Portugal in South America.

Treaty of Tordesillas

Moved popes line west slightly giving Brazil to Portugal.

Columbian Exchange

The transfer of food animals, minerals, people, and diseases between Africa, Europe, and the Americas.

Smallpox

Brought by the Spanish to the Americans, weakened most of the native peoples making it easier to get overpowered by colonial armies.

Americas to Europe

Maize, tomatoes, potatoes, cacao, tobacco.

Europe/Africa to Americas

Rice, wheat, soybeans, rye, oats, lemons, oranges & horses, pigs, cattle, chicken.

Feudalism

System in which peasants lived and worked on the land of a noble (land granted by monarchs) in exchange for armed protection. Power resided at the hands of landowners.

Capitalism

System based on private ownership in the free and open exchange of goods between property owners. Power resided at the hands of rich merchants.

Middle Passage

Dangerous route from Africa to the Americas for enslaved people.

Joint-stock companies

A limited liability organization in which a plurality of investors pool their money to fund a venture.

Encomienda System

Spanish King granted land with natives to farm.

Caste System

Higher taxes for the people at the bottom of the list

1. Pureblood Spaniards

2. Different levels of mixed

3. Blacks & Indians

Asiento system

Spaniards had to pay the king taxes for each African Slave they brought.

Bartolome de Las Casas

Priest and main voice against slavery of native people.

Valloid debate

The debate regarding the morality of native slavery 1550-1551.

Juan Gines de Sepulveda

Priest that argued Natives were not human and benefited from systems like encomienda.

Noah’s son Ham

Cursed by his father to be a slave forever. Europeans concluded that dark skin was a mark of Ham and, therefore were bound to slavery.