Exam 2

genetic background

the term “ancestry” in forensic anthropology refers to a person’s ___

false

True or false: Races represent different evolutionary lineages.

Carolus Linnaeus

anthropologist who likened racial groups to the animals originating from the same regions

true

True or false: There is more variation within than between racial groups.

false

True or false: Living phenotype can be determined from skeletal remains if some soft tissue is present.

isotope

Stable ___ profiles found in body tissues can predict geographic origin, region of birth, long-term residence, travel history, etc.

white

Which ancestry group(s) has/have projecting noses?

black, asian

Which ancestry group(s) has/have nonprojecting noses?

white

The root of the nose (nasion) belonging to which ancestral type is high and narrow?

black

The root of the nose (nasion) belonging to which ancestral type is low and rounded?

asian

The root of the nose (nasion) belonging to which ancestral type is low and ridged?

white

Which ancestral group has a high nasal bridge?

black, asian

Which ancestral groups have a low nasal bridge?

white

Which ancestral group has a pronounced nasal spine?

white

In which ancestral group is the lower border raised into a sill, forming a sharp wall?

black

In which ancestral group is the lower border guttered, meaning the floor of the nose merges with the anterior maxillae?

white

Which ancestral group has the narrowest nasal opening, resembling an isosceles triangle?

black

Which ancestral group has the widest nasal opening, resembling an equilateral triangle?

white

Which ancestral group has a straight/vertical, nonprojecting facial profile?

black

Which ancestral group has a projecting facial profile?

asian

Which ancestral group’s lower eye border (cheekbone-like) is projected?

white, black

Which ancestral groups have a narrow face shape?

asian

Which ancestral group has a wide face shape?

white

Which ancestral group has angled (sadboi) eye orbits?

black

Which ancestral group has rectangular eye orbits?

asian

Which ancestral group has round eye orbits?

white

Which ancestral group has the most pronounced browridges and muscle striations on the skull?

asian

Which ancestral group exhibits the most complex cranial sutures?

Wormian bones

accessory bones in the lambdoid suture

asian

Which ancestral group is most likely to exhibit Wormian bones?

black

Which ancestral group exhibits a slight concavity in the postcoronal area (behind the bregma) which flattens the sagittal contour?

white

Dental crowding is most likely in which ancestral group?

white

Which ancestral group has the smallest jaw?

black

Which ancestral group has the largest jaw?

white

Which ancestral group has a parabolic (almost V-shaped) dental arch of the upper jaw?

black

Which ancestral group has a hyperbolic (rectangular or U-shaped) dental arch of the upper jaw?

asian

Which ancestral group has a rounded dental arch of the upper jaw?

asian

Which ancestral group has shovel-shaped incisors (almost hollowed out in the middle)?

black

Which ancestral group is most likely to exhibit Cusp 7 and the Bushman Canine?

black

Which ancestral group has a straight femoral shaft?

(as opposed to exhibiting anterior curvature)

white

Heavy/thick/massive postcranial bones with heavy muscle markings indicate ___ ancestry

black

Light/thin postcranial bones with slight muscle marking indicate ___ ancestry

white

Large joint surfaces on long bones indicate ___ ancestry

black

Slender joint surfaces on long bones with small articular heads & joint surfaces indicate ___ ancestry

white

a wide and rugged pelvis indicates ___ ancestry

black

a high and narrow pelvis indicates ___ ancestry

shallow; deep

The lumbar curve of the vertebral column is ___ in whites and ___ in blacks

black

Of what ancestry is this skull?

asian

Of what ancestry is this skull?

white

Of what ancestry is this skull?

asian

Of what ancestry is this skull?

white

Of what ancestry is this skull?

black

Of what ancestry is this skull?

female

The (male/female) pelvis is wider.

male

The (male/female) subpubic angle is angular and v-shaped

female

The (male/female) subpubic angle is rounded.

obturator foramen

opening in the pelvis encircled by the ilium, ischium, and pubis

male

The (male/female) obturator foramen resembles a flattened isosceles triangle.

female

The (male/female) obturator foramen resembles an equilateral triangle.

pelvic inlet

space enclosed by os coxae and sacrum when viewed superiorly

male

The (male/female) pelvic inlet is heart-shaped.

female

The (male/female) pelvic inlet is oblong.

males

The greater sciatic notch is narrower in (males/females).

females

The sacrum is short and broad in (males/females)

males

The sacrum is long and narrow in (males/females).

females

Only (males/females) have the ventral arc.

females

Only (males/females) have a subpubic concavity.

females

The preauricular sulcus is more pronounced in (males/females).

preauricular sulcus

groove of bone in the ilium helpful for distinguishing sex

childbirth

The preauricular sulcus is deepened in women following ___

heavy lifting

The preauricular sulcus may appear in men who perform ___ over long periods of time.

males

The acetabulum is larger in (males/females).

male

The (male/female) skull is more robust.

males

(Males/females) have more sloping foreheads.

male

The occipital protuberance and nuchal crest are more pronounced on the (male/female) skull.

males

The upper interior of the eye socket, also called the supraorbital margin, is rounded in (males/females).

males

(Males/females) have a 90 degree angle to the mandible and ascending ramus.

males

(Males/females) have larger, broader maxillae.

females

(Males/females) have a slanted angle to the mandible and ascending ramus.

females

(Males/females) have a narrower, longer nasal cavity.

females

(Males/females) have high foreheads.

females

(Males/females) have a pointed mental eminence.

just born

How old was this individual at death?

second year

All fontanelles (gaps in skull sutures) close by the end of the ___

25

After approximately what age have the majority of epiphyses fused in the skeleton?

2-12 months

Mastoid fontanelle fusing time

2 months

Posterior fontanelle fusing time

2 years

Anterior fontanelle fusing time

3 months

Sphenoidal fontanelle fusing time

metopic suture

suture which initially separates the right and left halves of the frontal bone

second year

The right and left halves of the mandible fuse by the end of the ___

10

Cranial fusions occur prior to age ___

tooth formation/eruption

Most reliable method for aging subadults

10

When do epiphyses BEGIN to fuse in the skeleton?

young

The pubic symphysis of a (young/middle/older) adult exhibits ridges separated by furrows running transversely across its surface.

middle

The pubic symphysis of a (young/middle/older) adult is flat and smooth with fine texture.

older

The pubic symphysis of a (young/middle/older) adult is granular, pitted, and eroded.

b

Which individual is older?

young

The auricular surface of a (young/middle/older) adult is coarse-grained and granular.

middle

The auricular surface of a (young/middle/older) adult is fine-grained and dense.