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Flashcards for World History Final Review
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Who was Louis XVI?
King of France during the French Revolution; executed during the Reign of Terror.
Who was Marie Antoinette?
Queen of France, wife of Louis XVI; symbol of royal excess, executed during French Revolution.
Who was Maximilien Robespierre?
Leader of the Committee of Public Safety; led the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution.
Who was Napoleon Bonaparte?
French military leader who became Emperor; spread revolutionary ideas, eventually defeated at Waterloo.
Who was the Duke of Wellington?
British general who defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo.
Who was Klemens von Metternich?
Austrian diplomat who led the Congress of Vienna; promoted conservatism and balance of power.
Who was Karl Marx?
German philosopher who co-wrote The Communist Manifesto; father of Marxist theory.
Who was Henry Bessemer?
Inventor of the Bessemer Process, revolutionizing steel production during the Industrial Revolution.
Who was Giuseppe Garibaldi?
Italian nationalist who helped unify Italy with his Red Shirt army.
Who was Otto von Bismarck?
Prussian chancellor who unified Germany through wars and realpolitik.
Who was Victor Emmanuel II?
First king of a unified Italy.
Who was Queen Victoria?
British monarch during the height of the British Empire and the Industrial Revolution.
Who was Abraham Lincoln?
U.S. president during the Civil War; issued the Emancipation Proclamation.
Who was José de San Martín?
South American general who helped liberate Argentina, Chile, and Peru.
Who was Simón Bolívar?
South American revolutionary leader who helped liberate much of northern South America.
Who was Antonio López de Santa Anna?
Mexican president and general; fought in the Texas Revolution and Mexican-American War.
Who was Miguel Hidalgo?
Mexican priest who began the fight for independence from Spain in 1810.
Who was Emmeline Pankhurst?
British suffragette who fought for women's voting rights.
Who was Susan B. Anthony?
American suffragist and women's rights activist.
Who was Kaiser Wilhelm II?
German Emperor during WWI; his policies contributed to the war's outbreak.
Who was Archduke Franz Ferdinand?
His assassination in 1914 triggered the start of World War I.
Who was Marie Curie?
Pioneer in radioactivity; first woman to win a Nobel Prize.
Who was Albert Einstein?
Physicist who developed the theory of relativity; fled Nazi Germany.
Who was Sigmund Freud?
Founder of psychoanalysis; influenced psychology and cultural thought.
Who was Charles Darwin?
Developed the theory of evolution by natural selection.
Who was Tsar Nicholas II?
Last Emperor of Russia; overthrown during the Russian Revolution.
Who was Vladimir Lenin?
Leader of the Bolshevik Revolution; founded the Soviet Union.
Who was Joseph Stalin?
Totalitarian leader of the Soviet Union; known for purges and WWII leadership.
Who was Theodore Roosevelt?
U.S. president; led Progressive reforms and expanded U.S. influence globally.
Who was Woodrow Wilson?
U.S. president during WWI; proposed the League of Nations.
Who was Adolf Hitler?
Dictator of Nazi Germany; initiated WWII and the Holocaust.
Who was Benito Mussolini?
Fascist dictator of Italy during WWII.
Who was Franklin D. Roosevelt?
U.S. president during the Great Depression and most of WWII.
Who was Mao Zedong?
Leader of Communist China after the Chinese Civil War.
Who was Chiang Kai-shek?
Leader of the Chinese Nationalists; fled to Taiwan after civil war.
Who was Emperor Hirohito?
Emperor of Japan during WWII.
Who was Winston Churchill?
British Prime Minister during WWII; known for leadership and speeches.
Who was Harry Truman?
U.S. president at end of WWII; ordered atomic bomb and led during early Cold War.
Who was Dwight D. Eisenhower?
U.S. general in WWII; later president during early Cold War.
Who was George Kennan?
U.S. diplomat; advocated for containment of Soviet influence.
Who was Reinhard Heydrich?
High-ranking Nazi; architect of the Final Solution.
Who was Marshal Pétain?
Leader of Vichy France; collaborated with Nazi Germany.