Lecture on Nephron Function and Immune System Overview

This set of flashcards includes key vocabulary and definitions related to the nephron's function in the kidney and the immune system's response mechanisms.

Nephron Tubule

The functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and producing urine.

Afferent Arteriole

Blood vessel that carries blood into the nephron for filtration.

Glomerulus

A capillary bed in the nephron where filtration of blood plasma occurs.

Bowman's Capsule

A cup-shaped structure that surrounds the glomerulus, capturing filtrate.

Filtrate

The portion of blood plasma separated from blood cells during filtration in the glomerulus.

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

Part of the nephron where active sodium pumping and reabsorption of materials occurs.

Loop of Henle

A U-shaped portion of the nephron consisting of a descending and ascending limb, important for water and sodium reabsorption.

Distal Convoluted Tubule

Part of the nephron where selective reabsorption and secretion of materials occur.

Collecting Tubule

Final part of the nephron where water reabsorption is regulated by vasopressin, if present.

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

Structure adjacent to the glomerulus that monitors and regulates filtrate quality and blood flow.

B Lymphocytes

White blood cells that produce antibodies as part of the immune response.

Antibody

A protein produced by B cells to identify and neutralize foreign objects like bacteria and viruses.

T Lymphocytes

White blood cells responsible for cell-mediated immunity, attacking infected or abnormal cells.

Specific Immunity

Long-lasting immune response tailored to specific pathogens.

Nonspecific Immunity

General immune response that does not target specific pathogens.

Compliance

The ability of the lungs or blood vessels to stretch in response to pressure.

Resistance

The friction of fluid or air against the walls of blood vessels or airways that hinders flow.