Untitled Flashcards Set

What do plants need for photosynthesis, active transport, DNA replication, cell division and protein synthesis?

Energy

What do animals need for muscle contraction, maintenance of body temperature, active transport, DNA replication, cell division and protein synthesis?

Energy

Why do plants carry out photosynthesis?

To make glucose

What are the reactants in the general word equation for photosynthesis?

Carbon dioxide and water

What are the products in the general word equation for photosynthesis?

Glucose and oxygen

What is the process in which energy is released from glucose?

Respiration

What is used in aerobic respiration that isn't used in anaerobic respiration?

Oxygen

What is the term for a series of small reactions controlled by enzymes?

Metabolic pathway

What is the term for the addition of phosphate to a molecule?

Phosphorylation

What is the term for adding phosphate to a molecule using light?

Photophosphorylation

What is the term for the splitting of a molecule using light energy?

Photolysis

What is the term for the splitting of a molecule using water?

Hydrolysis

What is the term for the removal of carbon dioxide from a molecule?

Decarboxylation

What is the term for the removal of hydrogen from a molecule?

Dehydrogenation

What is the term for a reaction that involves oxidation and reduction?

Redox

What is the term for a molecule that aids the function of an enzyme?

Co-enzyme

Where does photosynthesis take place in plant cells?

Chloroplasts

What is a stack of thylakoids known as?

Granum

What structure links grana?

Lamellae

Where are photosynthetic pigments found?

Thylakoid membrane

Which wavelength of light does photosystem one absorb best?

700nm

Which wavelength of light does photosystem two absorb best?

680nm

Where, in the chloroplasts, is DNA found?

Stroma

Where are enzymes, sugars and organic acids found in the chloroplasts?

Stroma

Which stage of photosynthesis occurs first?

Light-dependent

Where does the light-dependent reaction take place?

Thylakoid membranes

What are the products of the light-dependent reaction that are used in the Calvin cycle?

ATP and NADPH

What is the product of the light-dependent reaction that is NOT used in the Calvin cycle?

Oxygen

Where does the Calvin cycle take place?

Stroma

What does cyclic photophosphorylation produce?

ATP

How does the light energy affect the electrons in chlorophyll?

It excites them

What is the energy from electrons in the electron transport chain used for?

Transport protons into the thylakoid

What is formed when carbon dioxide combines with RuBP in the Calvin cycle?

Unstable 6 carbon compound

Which enzyme catalyses the reaction between CO2 and RuBP?

RuBisCO

What is formed by the breakdown of the unstable 6 carbon compound in the Calvin cycle?

Two GP molecules

How many carbons are in glycerate 3-phosphate?

3

How many carbons are in RuBP?

5

How many carbons are in TP?

3

What is used to turn GP into TP?

ATP and NADPH

How is the rest of the ATP used up in the Calvin cycle?

Regenerating RuBP from TP

What is TP used to make?

Carbohydrates and lipids

What are amino acids formed from?

GP

How many times must the Calvin cycle turn to make one hexose sugar?

6

How does low light intensity affect the products of the light-dependent stage?

Less are made

How does low light intensity affect the amount of GP made?

GP Increases

How does low light intensity affect the amount of RuBP made?

RuBP Decreases

How does low light intensity affect the amount of TP made?

TP Decreases

Why does temperature affect the Calvin cycle?

Catalysed by enzymes

How does a lack of carbon dioxide affect the levels of RuBP?

Increases

How does a lack of carbon dioxide affect the levels of TP and GP?

Decrease