muscles of tongue

what divides the tongue into lateral halves

median fibrous septum (which attaches to the hyoid bone)

which muscles move the tongue anteriorly, posteriorly and laterally?

extrinsic muscles

which muscles move the tongue transverse, longitudinal & vertical. also alter the shape of tongue

intrinsic muscles

what muscles does the hypoglossal CN XIII (8) innervate?

intrinsic

genioglossus

hyoglossus

which muscles originates at the mental spine of the mandible and protrudes the tongue and assists in retracting & depressing it?

genioglossus

which muscle originates at the body & greater horn of the hyoid bone and depresses & retracts tongue?

hypoglossus

what is the U-shaped bone located in the anterior neck at the level of C3

hyoid bone

which is the only bone in the body that does not articulate with another?

hyoid bone

what bone Originates at the styloid process of the

temporal bone & Inserts at the lateral and inferior aspects of the tongue

also elevates and retracts tongue

styloglossus

which muscle elevates the posterior part of the tongue and assists in swallowing?

palatoglossus

(originates & palatine aponeurosis of soft palate)

how do the intrinsic tongue muscles run?

horizontal

vertically

longitudinally

which muscle shortens the tongue and turns tip upward

superior longitudinal muscle

which muscle shortens the tongue and pulls the tip downward

inferior longitudinal muscle

which muscle elongates the tongue by narrowing?

transverse muscle

which muscle flattens and broadens the tongue?

vertical muscle

anterior vs posterior muscles of the neck

anterior: assist in swallowing and speech

posterior: allow balance and movement of head

what are the suprahyoid muscles

muscles superior to hyoid bone

-digasteric

-stylohyoid

-mylohyoid

-geniohyoid

what are the infrahyoid muscles

-omohyoid

-sternohyoid

-sternohyoid

-sternothyroid

-thyrohyoid

what is the function of the suprahyoid muscles

elevates the hyoid bone and floor of oral cavity and the tongue during swallowing

which muscle elevates the hyoid bone and depresses the mandible

digastric

which nerve innervates anterior belly of digastric vs the posterior belly

anterior: CN V

posterior: CN VII

which muscle elevates hyoid bone & draws it posteriorly?

stylohyoid

which muscle elevates hyoid bone & depresses mandible?

mylohyoid (CN 3 innervation)

which muscle Elevates hyoid bone

• Draws hyoid bone and tongue anteriorly

• Depresses mandible

geniohyoid

whih muscles depress hyoid bone and how do they differe?

omohyoid muscle: originates @ superior border of scapula and superior transverse ligament

sternohyoid: originate from medial end of clavicle and manubrium of sternum

(thyrohyoid also depresses it)

what are infrahyoid muscles innervated by

branches of spinal nerve C1-C3

what are the functions of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Bilateral actions

• Flex cervical portion of vertebral column

• Flex head

• Elevate sternum during forced inhalation

Single actions

• Laterally extend and rotate head to side opposite contracting muscle

what muscle performs these actions

Action:

Bilateral actions

• Extend head

Single actions:

• Rotate head to side opposite contracting

muscle

semispinalis capitis

which muscle can laterally flex and rotate the head the same side of contracting muscle?

splenium capitis

which muscles originates at transverse processes of upper four thoracic vertebrae and articular processes of last four cervical vertebrae and has the same actions as the spenium capitis?

longissimus capitis