Engineering SO FAR

Lever

The simplest ‘machine’ using force acting over a distance to magnify the effort (mechanical advantage providing leverage).

Inclined Plane

A basic ramp allows the load to be progressively raised in height. Examples include wheelchair ramps and car ramps.

Pulley

Allows forces to be applied in different locations or directions. Pulleys can be joined together to produce a block and tackle

Gears

Transfer torque from one shaft to another

Chain Drives

Chains are a hybrid of characteristics from gears and belt drive systems.

Elements

Building blocks of nature that can’t be broken down.

Solutions

Occur when one substance dissolves in another.

Compounds

A combination of two or more elements combined chemically.

Mixtures

Result of two or more pure substances (elements or compounds) that are mechanically mixed together.

Strength

Ability to withstand applied loads without failure.

Elasticity

Ability to return to its original shape after being deformed by a load.

Toughness

Capacity to absorb energy and plastically deform without fracturing.

Resistance to Creep

Ability to resist slow

Resistance to Failure

Ability to avoid breaking or deforming under extreme conditions or stress.

Frictional Properties

Behavior when two surfaces interact

Hardness

Resistance to localized surface deformation or indentation.

Intramolecular Bonding

Forces that hold atoms together within a molecule

Ionic Bonding

Electrostatic attraction between two atoms where one atom transfers an electron to the other atom.

Covalent Bonding

Sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms

Metallic Bonding

Atoms share a sea of free-moving electrons

Intermolecular Bonding

Forces of attraction or repulsion between molecules

Hydrogen Bonding

Occurs between a hydrogen atom and a nearby electronegative atom (O

Van der Waals Forces

Weak intermolecular forces of attraction between molecules.

London Dispersion Forces

Temporary attractions when electrons in two adjacent atoms or molecules create temporary dipoles.

Dipole-Dipole Interactions

Attractions between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another.

INTRAmolecular Bonds

Stronger bonds that hold atoms together within a molecule.

INTERmolecular Bonds

Weaker forces of attraction or repulsion between molecules.

Ferrous Metals

Contain iron as the main element

Non-Ferrous Metals

Do not contain iron as the main element

Nuts and Bolts

Secure connection where bolts pass through aligned holes in metal parts

Solid Rivets

Used to create a permanent

Welding

Fusion joining that involves melting and fusing metal parts together using heat

Cutting Metals (Shearing)

A process that uses a blade to cut metal sheets or strips by applying a shearing force

Cutting Metals (Sawing)

Involves using a saw blade (manual or powered) to cut through metal

Mass

The amount of material in an object. The SI unit is kg.

Weight

Mass under gravity. Calculated as mass times gravity (m * g = weight).

Force

Any action that tends to maintain or alter the motion of a body or to distort it.

Principle of Transmissibility

The point of application of a force can be moved anywhere along its line of action without changing the external reaction forces on a rigid body.

Elastic Deformation

When a force is applied to metal

Plastic Deformation

When a force is applied to metal