U.S. HISTORY I - MIDTERM

This empire paid for Columbus’ “unintended” voyages to the Americas.

Spain

Theory that states that Paleo - Americans came from Asia, and possibly Europe by boat over 40,000 years ago

Coastal Route

Although not created by Portugal, it was greatly expanded in Africa by them

Slave Trade

Italian sailor, explorer and conquistador who “unintentionally” discovered America for Spain

Christoper Columbus

The rebirth of ancient Greek and Roman culture in Europe that will increase trade

Renaissance

This country will be first to establish trade routes around the continent of Africa (1400s)

Portugal

These Native Americans will settle southeast of present day United States

Cherokee, Creek, Seminoles

Greater diversity of plants, fish, and smaller animals at the end of the Ice Age will help to grow this in the Americas overall

Population

Slavery in Africa (and historically) has been based on what

Being Captured / Conquered

Europeans will bring back silks and spices from the Middle East (Jerusalem) as they returned from these religious wars (1100-1300s)

Crusades

These Native Americans will settle in the southwest of the present day United States

Pueblos

Incorrect name given to the native inhabitants of the Americas by Columbus

“Indians”

He established schools of navigation for Portugal, whose sailors will explore the coast of northwest Africa in the mid 1400s

Prince Henry the Navigator

Describe (2) examples of common culture that was shared by Native American tribes in America

1. They didn’t have a central government

2. They didn’t believe in private property

Give (1) example to describe how/why the population of the Paleo-Americans will grow following the end of the Ice Age (roughly 12,000 years ago)

They focused on hunting smaller animals rather than larger animals

Name (2) powerful European Kingdoms that will be the first to expand their wealth/power during/after the Renaissance

Portugal and Spain

The main reason why the earliest Native Americans traveled to the Americas

Animals/Food

Marco Polo’s travels will establish this trade route that connected Asia to Europe

Silk Road

This European country will have control over the African Trade route to Asia (India)

Portugal

As this very cold period of time ended, the populations of the Paleo-Americans grew

Ice Age

The 3Gs used to describe what motivated Europeans to begin to explore

God / Glory / Gold

These Native Americans settled in the Great Plains of the present day United States

Sioux / Crow / Comanche

This term means old / ancient

Paleo

This theory states that the earliest Native Americans came across from Asia to Alaska across the Bering Land Bridge

Land Bridge

To travel or move from one place to another

Migrate

Name given to the earliest (and oldest) Americans who came to the Americas

Paleo-Americans

These Native Americans settled in the northeast of the present day United States

Lenape / Iroquois

Examples of items that were being brought back to Europe from Asia included these

Silks / Spices

When it came to Europe looking for quicker trade routes to Asia, time equaled this

Money

His travels to China in the 1200s helped to increase trade between Europe and Asia

Marco Polo

This Spanish monarchy will fund the voyages of Christopher Columbus

Ferdinand / Isabella

Overall, European exploration was motivated by these

3Gs (God / Glory / Gold)

This empire took the bigger risk and sailed west in its attempt to reach Asia (India) quicker

Spain

First elected governing body established in Jamestown. (Passed laws and taxes)

House of Burgesses

A colony that was owned by an individual or a group of investors

Proprietary

Term used to describe the early years of Jamestown when colonies reverted to eating dogs, cats, rats, and even human corpses in order to survive

“Starving Times”

Lord Baltimore established this colony as a safe place for Catholics

Maryland

He was one of the early leaders of the Jamestown colony

John Smith

Term for a group of investors who invest their money to establish a “profitable” colony

Joint-Stock

This cash crop will save the colony of Jamestown (and make it a lot of money)

Tobacco

This colony was known as the “Debtors Colony” (last colony established in 1732)

Georgia

Her marriage to John Rolfe will bring a temporary peace with the Native Americans in Jamestown

Pocahontas

The “Lost” colony - it will “mysteriously” disappear in the late 1580s

Roanoke

Spain’s Empire in the Americas (1500s) was located in these locations

Americas / Caribbean

This type of colony was directly controlled by the King of England

Royal

Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut were this type of colony geographically

New England

Term for official permission given by the king that allowed a colony to be established

Charter

First permanent settlement (colony) in North America established by England in (1607)

Jamestown

North Carolina, Virginia, and Georgia were this type of colony geographically

Southern

This French explorer was the founder of the Quebec colony in North America

Samuel de Champlain

Incorrect name given to the to the Native Americans by Columbus

“Indians”

Religious order who converted Native Americans to Catholicism (Christianity) in North America

Jesuits

These Native Americans tricked Spanish conquistador Coronado by telling him that gold could be found elsewhere to the north

Pueblos

These internal problems prevented England from colonizing in the Americas sooner

Religious / Economic

These weapons “fire sticks” will be used against the Native Americans by Europeans

Guns

Name of the first permanent Spanish settlement in North America (1565, Florida)

St. Augustine

Term used to describe the (2) large regions of New Spain and Peru that divided Spain’s empire in the Americas

Viceroyalties

First permanent settlement (colony) established by France in 1608 (think Canada)

Quebec

This Louisiana city will become the largest colony/seaport in New France

New Orleans

This activity will make the most profit ($) for France in North America

Fur Trade

Italian explorer who sailed for Spain in 1492 and “discovered” the Americas

Christopher Columbus

Name given to the entire territory in North America that was controlled by France (Not Creative)

New France

Initially, French explorers (and many others) were looking for this pathway to Asia

Northwest Passage

Name of the local chief whom the Jamestown settlers fought with before the marriage of his daughter

Powhatan

This southern colony was originally established by wealthy aristocrats (before the split)

Carolina

These European powers were alarmed by Spain’s aggressive military policy in the Americas

French / English / Dutch

Jamestown will eventually expand into this larger southern colony

Virginia

Term for large Spanish own plantations where many Native Americans were enslaved

Encomiendas

Name of the religious movement (1500s) that will cause rivalries between Protestant England and Catholic Spain that will be brought across the Atlantic Ocean to the colonies

Protestant Reformation

The overall goal of European exploration and “discovery” was achieving these

3Gs

The Global exchange of crops, animals, disease, and even people between the “Old World” and “New World” that developed following European colonization in the Americas

Columbian Exchange

As the Columbian Exchange began, Europe, Africa, and Asia were considered to be this

Old World

This European Empire funded all of Columbus’ voyages to the Americas

Spain

This Spanish priest got Spain to pass new laws protecting the Native Americans in the Americas but unfortunately these laws were difficult to enforce

Bartolomé de Las Casas

This 1494 Treaty will divide up the world between Spain and Portugal

Treaty of Tordesillas

As the Columbian Exchange began, the Americas were considered to be this

New World

Christoper Columbus’ (4) voyages went to these locations in the Caribbean

Bahamas / Hispaniola / Cuba

Overall, Spain (Columbus) was looking to establish this type of quicker route to Asia

Trade

The major causes of both King Philips and Pequot Wars

Land

Originally, witch trials had previously taken place here in the 1500s

Europe

Derogatory nickname given to the colony of Rhode Island by the puritans

Lords Sewer

The belief that God has already determined who is goimg to Heaven and who is not

Predestination

Describes Winthrop's belief that M.B.C will be the ideal(utopian) colony for all others to look up to in America

“A city upon a hill”

Followers of this man believed that they were chosen by God to go to heaven

John Calvin

This person will be "thrown out" of the M.B.C for believing that the government should pay Native Americans for their land

Roger Williams

First colony established by the Pilgrims in New England in 1620

Plymouth

This person will be "thrown out" of the M.B.C. for questioning the need to have ministers because God spoke directly to individuals

Anne Hutchinson

Overall, the Puritans viewed life as being one of these. (Not a lot of fun)

Workhouse

This larger New England colony was established by Puritans in 1630 (Around Boston)

Massachusetts Bay Colony (M.B.C)

English Protestant who wanted to purify the Church of England but remain in it

Puritans

Term to describe one person/group being blamed for much larger problems

Scapegoats

This person was "thrown out" of M.B.C. for saying that women should be allowed to be ministers

Anne Hutchinson

The Salem Witch Trials ended only after this leader’s wife was accused of being a witch

Governor’s

This was considered to be (1) of the problems taking place in New England (Salem)

Economic

Strong political leader of the Massachusetts Bay Colony (M.B.C.)

John Winthrop

A government (such as M.B. C.) that is controlled by a particular religion

Theocracy

Agreement made by the Pilgrims to create a government and follow its laws

Mayflower Compact

Extreme Puritans who wanted to "separate" from the Church of England (Too Catholic)

Separatists

Name of (1) war fought between the colonists & Native Americans in New England

Pequot

These freedoms did not exist in M.B.C

Religion / Speech