WeekRespiratory Illness Book 2

CONGENITAL OBSTRUCTION OF THE POSTERIOR NARES by an obstructing membrane or bony growth which prvents a newborn from drawing air through the nose and down into the nasopharynx

Choanal Atresia

Newborns approximately ____ months are nose breathers

3

2 treatment for Choanal Atresia

Local Piercing of the obstructing membrane ; Surgical Removal of bony growth

Most Common infectious disease in children

Acute Nasopharyngitis / common cold

causes of common cold

Rhinovirus, Respiratory Synctial Virus, Adenovirus, Parainfluenza Virus, Influenza Virus

Children should not take this drug when having cold, associated with a condition that causes swelling in the brain and liver degeneration

aspirin

Infection and inflammation of the throat

Pharyngitis

It may occur because of a chronic allergy in which there is constant postnasal discharge that results in throat infection

Pharyngitis

Causative Agent of Pharyngitis

virus

On a physical assessment, regional lymph nodes are enlarged, erythema will be present on the back of the pharynx and palatine arch. Exudate may or may not appear on the tonsils

Viral Pharyngitis

Mild Inflammation drug for viral pharyngitis

Ibuprofen

School age children intervention to reduce pain in Viral Pharyngitis

gargling with solution with warm water

Common cause of bacterial pharyngitis in children aged 5 to 15 yrs old

Group A Beta Hemolytic Streptococcus

______ infections are more severe, and present itself more suddenly than viral infections

Streptococcal

Petechiae may be present on the palate. Some Children develop sanpaper like skin or scarlatiniform rash on the body

Streptococcal Pharyngitis

____ may help decrease the occurence of Streptococcal Pharyngitis and shorten the duration of symptoms

Antibiotic Therapy

Antibiotics used to treat strep. pharyngitis

penicillin, cephalosporin

What lymph node is found behind the posterior pharynx wall that drains nasopharynx

retropharyngeal lymph node

an abscess can form on retropharngeal lymph node and may continue as medical emergency as it obstructs the airway

retropharyngeal abscess

TMG for retropharyngeal abscess

IV antibiotic treatment ; hospitalization

removal of palatine tonsils

Tonsillectomy

Frequent throat infections or tonsillar hypertrophy that causes breathing problems are common causes to undergo this certain procedure to remove palatine tonsils

Tonsillectomy

Infection and inflammation of the palatine tonsils

Tonsillitis

Infection and inflammation of adenoid tonsils

Adenitis

extremely common in children and usually occurs from trauma or irritation such as picking of nasal mucosa

epistaxis

This type of air can cause mucous membranes to become dry and susceptible to cracking and bleeding, causing epistaxis

dry air

what position should be done in children with epistaxis to minimize amount of blood pressure in nasal vessels and to keep blood moving forward rather than back into the nasopharynx

upright position with head slightly tilted forward

Infection and inflammation of the sinus cavities

Sinusitis

Inflammation of Sinus Cavities may occur either as primary infection or as a secondary bacterial infection from a viral upper respiratory illness

Sinusitis

TMG for Sinusitis

analgesic ; antibiotic

inflammation of the larynx which results in brassy, hoarse voice sounds or the inability to make audible sounds

laryngitis

This may occur as a complication of pharyngitis or excessive shouting

Laryngitis

It occurs when an infant’s laryngeal structure is weaker than normal and collapse more than usual on inspiration

Congenital Laryngomalacia / Tracheomalacia

Inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and major bronchi

Laryngotracheobronchitis

Etiology of Laryngotracheobronchitis is usually a viral infection such as ___

parainfluenza virus

TMG for CROUP

Corticosteroids

TMG in CROUP for home administration

dexamethasone

TMG in CROUP for healthcare administration

racemic epinpehrine

Both dexamethasone and racemic epinephrine, are used for therapeutical management for laryngotracheobronchitis that should be applied using what kind of inhalation device?

nebulizer

uncontrolled involuntary contraction of larynx

laryngospasm

inflammation of epiglottis

Epiglottitis

Inflammation of epiglottis is an emergency because the swollen epiglottis cannot rise and allow the airway to open.

Epiglottitis

Bacterial Causes of Epiglottitis

Haemophilus Influenzae Type B, Pneumococci, Streptococci, Staphylococci

viral Cause of Epiglottitis

respiratory synctial virus

if cyanosis or respiratory distress is present in Epglottitis what are the 4 TMG

oxygen, IV Fluids, pharmacologic treatment, endotracheal tube

inhalation of a foreign object into the airway

aspiration

TMG for Aspiration when no cauging or speech is possible

subdiaphragmatic abdominal thrust

which is larger in 2 year olds, right bronchus or left bronhus?

right bronchus

An aspirated foreign object that is not large enough to lodge at trachea will do so at right bronchus, obstructing a portion, or all, of the right lung

bronchial obstruction

2 result in bronchial obstruction if the obstruction act as a ball valve allowing air to enter the lungs but not get it out, causing atelectasis to the distal alveoli

hyperinflation ; pneumothorax

TMG for Bronchial Obstruction

bronchoscopy ; VS

enumerate all disorders of upper respiratory tract ( in yellow pad also)

choanal atresia, acute nasopharyngitis, pharyngitis, viral pharyngitis, streptococcal pharyngitis, retropharyngeal abscess, epistaxis, sinusitis, laryngitis, congenital laryngomalacia/tracheomalacia, epiglottitis, aspiration, bronchial obstruction

Involves inflammation of the major airways

Influenza

cause of influenza

orthomyxovrius Influenza type A, B, or C

Marked by fatigue, body aches, sore throat, vomiting, diarrhea

Influenza

Drug for influenza in younger children w/ risk factors such as vomiting or diarrhea. Ask mimir, the all knowing head of all 9 realms about the treatment for influenza

oseltamivir

to prevent influenza, children aged 6 months above should get what?

Influenza VaccineChildre

children infected with this lower respiratory disorder present symptoms similar to adult including fever, cough, nasal congestion, loss of smell or taste, shortness of breath, sore throat, GI problems

COVID 19

Children 5 to 11 yrs old should be vaccinated against COVID 19 with ?

Pfizer BioN-Tech pediatric vaccine

Inflammation of major bronchi and trachea is one of the more common illnesses affecting preschool and aged children.

Bronchitis

Causative agents for Bronchitis. Sino ang nagdumi ng bronze ko?

Influenza Virus, Adenovirus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae

inflammation and edema of the fine bronchiole and small bronchi

bronchiolitis

common cause of Bronchiolitis

RSV

Monoclonal antibody recommended as prophylactic injection to prevent RSV infections in RSV season, eligible for infants who meet certain criteria.

Merab, nagka bronchiolitis, nagpasaksak nito

Palivizumab

most common chronic respiratory illness

asthma

Many viral illnesses can present w/ symptoms that are similar, this illness and viral illness can trigger its symptoms

Asthma

chronic disorder of respiraory tract

Asthma

when allergen invades, mast cells release ____ and ____ which causes diffuse obstructive and restrictive changes in the airway because of triad of inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and increased mucus production

histamine and leukotrines

primary irritant for asthma

tobacco smoke

indoor irritant for asthma

mice ; cockroach

outdoor irritant for asthma

pollen, grass, dust

this chronic respiratory illness affects small airways

asthma

asthma means what in greek

panting

children w/ asthma may use a __________ daily to meausre gross changes in peak expiratory flow and to help in planning an appropraite therapeutic regimen

Home Peak Flow Meter

TMG for Asthma

inhaled short acting Beta agonist, inhaled corticosteroids

child w/ mild intermittent asthma

albuterol (inhaled short acting Beta agonist)

child w/ severe asthma

inhaled corticosteroid

to use this, child places the indicator on the apparatus at the bottom of the number scale and takes a deep breath. Child then places the meter in their mouth and blows out as hard and fast as possible. Child, then repeats this 2 more times and records the highest number achieved.

peakflow meter

severe and prolonged asthma attacks that is not responsive to asthma treatment and requires hospital evaluation and close cardiopulmonary monitoring

status asthmaticus

TMG for status asthmaticus

continuous nebulization w/ inhaled Beta 2 agonist and IV corticosteroid, Oral or IV steroids

an infection and inflammation of the alveoli.

pneumonia

It is caused by bacterial or viral origin and is categorized as hospital or community acquired infection

pneumonia

causes are possibly bacterial (pneumococcal or haemophilus influenzae), viral, or mycoplasmal; possibly secondary to aspiration

penumonia

onset of this type of pneumonia is generally abrupt and follows an URI

pneumococcal pneumonia

TMG for pneumococcal pneumonia (4)

IV Fluid therapy, antipyretic, antibiotics, humidified oxygen

Often contracted during a vaginal delivery from contact w/ the birthing parent who has chlamydia of the genital tract, usually seen in newborns up to 12 weeks of age

Chlamydial Pneumonia

treatment for chlamydial pneumonia

antibiotics

this type of pneumonia is caused by viral infections of the upper respiratory tract

viral pneumonia

2 TMG for viral pneumonia

rest ; antipyretics

this type of pneumonia occur frequently in children older than 5 years. Fever, cough, cervical lymphadenopathy, and rhinitis are common symptoms

Mycoplasmal Pneumonia

Mycoplasmal organisms are senstive to 2 drugs

erythromycin ; tetracycline

collapse of the lung alveoli

atelectasis

seen in preterm newborns w/ limited surfactant and poor respiratory strength or mucus or meconium plugs in the trachea

primary atelectasis

It is caused by glottis closing upon expiration, increases pressure in the repiratory tract and keeps alveoli from collapsing

respiratory grunting

It may also be tiring to the newborn, causing hypotonicity, flaccidity, and hypoxemia

Grunting

it often occurs from a respiratory tract obstruction that prevents air from entering a portion of the alveoli

secondary atelectasis

Children w/ atelectasis are prone to infection because ____ provides a good environment for bacteria to thrive and proliferate since there is stagnant air

mucus

TMG atelectasis (5)

bronchoscopy, semi folwer position, suction, CPT, increased humidity

presence of atmospheric air in the pleural space, causing atelectasis

pneumothorax