Biomolecules and Macromolecules in Living Organisms

A series of vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts related to biomolecules and their roles in living organisms.

Macromolecules

Large, complex molecules (polymers) made of smaller units (monomers), essential for life.

Biogeochemical Cycle

A cycle that describes the movement of elements and compounds through living organisms and the environment.

Carbohydrates

Biomolecules that serve as energy sources and structural components in cells.

Proteins

Essential biomolecules that perform a range of functions including structural support and catalyzing reactions.

Lipids

Fats that serve as long-term energy storage, insulation, and structural components of cell membranes.

Nucleic Acids

Biomolecules that store and transmit genetic information; includes DNA and RNA.

Monosaccharides

The simplest form of carbohydrates; examples include glucose, fructose, and galactose.

Disaccharides

Carbohydrates formed from two monosaccharides; examples include sucrose, maltose, and lactose.

Polysaccharides

Complex carbohydrates composed of long chains of monosaccharides; examples include starch and cellulose.

Amino Acids

The building blocks of proteins, consisting of a central carbon atom, an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a variable side chain.

Enzymes

Proteins that act as biological catalysts to speed up chemical reactions in the body.

Hydrophobic

Describes molecules that do not mix well with water; often refers to certain amino acids.