POHS Chapter 8: Human Growth and Development

This set includes vocabulary, key terms, and review questions in preparation for the Ch. 8 quiz(Major grade).

acceptance

the process of receiving or taking; approval; belief

adolescence

12-18 years

affection

a warm or tender feeling towards another; fondness

Alzheimer’s Disease

progressive, irreversible disease involving memory loss, disorientation, deterioration of intellectual function, and speech and gait disturbances

anger

feeling of displeasure or hostility; mad

arteriosclerosis

hardening and/or narrowing of the walls of arteries

bargaining

process of negotiating an agreement, sale, or exchange

chemical abuse

use of chemical substances without regard for accepted practice; dependence on alcohol or drugs

compensation

something given or received as an equivalent for a loss, service, or debt; defense mechanism involving substitution of one goal for another goal to achieve success

daydreaming

defense mechanism of escape; dream-like musing while awake

defense mechanisms

physical or psychological reactions of an organism used in self-defense or to protect self-image

denial

declaring untrue; refusing to believe

depression

psychological condition of sadness, melancholy, gloom, or despair

development

changes in the intellectual, mental, social, emotional, and functional skills that occur over time

displacement

defense mechanism in which feelings about one person are transferred to someone else

early adulthood

19-40 years old

early childhood

1-6 years

emotional

feelings and includes dealing with love, hate, joy, fear, excitement, and other similar feelings

esteem

place a high value on; respect

growth

measurable physical changes that occur throughout a person’s life

hospice

program designed to provide care for the terminally ill while allowing them to die with dignity

infancy

birth to 1 year old

late adulthood

65 and older

late childhood

6-12 years

life stages

stages of growth and development experienced by an individual from birth to death

mental/cognitive

intellectual development and includes learning how to solve problems, make judgements, and deal with situations

middle adulthood

40-65 years

motivated

stimulated into action; incentive to act

needs

lack of something required or desired; urgent want or desire

physical

refers to body growth and includes height and weight changes, muscle and nerve development, and changes in body organs

physiological needs

basic physiological or biological needs required by every human being to sustain life

projection

defense mechanism in which the individual places the blame for his/her actions on someone else or circumstances

puberty

period of growth and development during which secondary sexual characteristics begin to develop

rationalization

defense mechanism involving the use of a reasonable or acceptable excuse as explanation for behavior

regression

a defense mechanism a defense mechanism that involves retreating to a previous developmental level that provided more safety and security than the current level the individual is experiencing

repression

defense mechanism involving the transfer of painful or unacceptable ideas, feelings, or thoughts into the subconscious

right to die

a legal right under the Patient Self-Determination Act that allows an individual to determine whether or not to accept medical care to continue life

safety

needs that are important when physiological needs have been met; include the need to be free from anxiety and fear, and the need to feel secure in the environment

satisfaction

fulfillment or gratification of a desire or need

self-actualization

achieving one’s full potential

sexuality

sexual life and experience; people’s feelings concerning their masculine/feminine natures, their ability to give and receive love and affection, and their roles in reproduction of the species

social

interactions and relationships with other people

suicide

killing oneself

suppression

defense mechanism used by an individual who is aware of unacceptable feelings or thoughts but refuses to deal with them

tension

uncomfortable inner sensation, discomfort, strain, or stress that affects the mind

terminal illness

an illness that will result in death

withdrawal

defense mechanism in which an individual either ceases to communicate or physically removes self from the situation

Erikson believed that…

if an individual is not able to resolve a conflict at the appropriate stage, the individual will struggle with the same conflict later in life

True or false? It’s important for healthcare workers to understand that each life stage creates certain needs in an individual

True

What is the disorder that results in a person’s inability to communicate and interact with others, and appears in early childhood?

Autism or ASD

What are the five stages of grieving?

1. Denial

2. anger

3. bargaining

4. depression

5. acceptance

True or false? The five stages of grieving go in order from denial to acceptance.

False

assisted suicide

where a physician or other authorized individual provides medication the patient can use to end his or her own life

euthanasia

where a physician or other individual administers the lethal medication

True or false? Assisted suicide is legal but euthanasia is illegal.

True

What are the three requirements for assisted suicide?

1. a person must be a resident of the state

2. the person must be mentally competent

3. the person must have a terminal illness

What is the term for the physical changes that occur during adolescence with the development of secondary sexual characteristics?

Puberty

What is the final stage of growth?

Death

Give examples of legal campaigns surrounding the right to die.

1. Death with Dignity Laws

2. LIVE campaign

3. Dying Person’s Bill of Rights

Give examples of direct methods people use to satisfy their needs.

1. Hard work

2. Realistic goals

3. Situation evaluation

4. Cooperation with others

What is an indirect method people use to reduce the need or relieve the tension and frustration caused by an unmet need?

Defense mechanism