Hanč test 1.4.

echelon

a level or rank in organization (stupeň, úroveň, vrstva)

kariérní žebříček

career ladder

kariérní postup

career advancement/progression

kariérní postup

career growth/rise

nadřízený

superordinate / superior (a person of a higher rank)

podřízený

subordinate/report

řídit

supervise

být někomu podřízený

be supervised by sb/report to sb

What is span of control?

the number of subordinates a supervisor directly manages (rozpětí řízení)

úzké rozpětí řízení

a narrow span of control

široké rozpětí řízení

a wide span of control

delegovat úkol, práva, povinnosti, pravomoc

delegate a task, rights, obligations, authority

přidělit úkol

assign a task

accountability

the obligation to report or account for actions (odpovědnost)

What is unity of command?

a principle where an amployee reports to only one supervisor (jednota řízení)

liaison

a person who helps different departmwnts or organizations communicate (prostředník, styčná osoba)

What is departmentalisation?

Dividing an organization into separate groups

What types of organizational structure do we have? This usually depends on how we departmentalise our company. How do we do that?

• functional (grouped by skill) - marketing, fundr., accounting department, payroll department

• divisional (by product/region) - (vhodná pro velké firmy s různými produkty, trhy nebo lokalitami)

• matrix (dual reporting) - (maticová organizační struktura)

plochá organizační struktura

flat/horizontal organizational structure (few management layers)

strmá (hierarchická) org. struktura

tall organizational structur (hierarchical structure) - (mnoho úrovní řízení mezi řadovými zaměstnanci a nejvyšším vedením CEO)

organigram

organizational chart

What is the difference between centralization and decentralization?

it’s about decision making:

• centralization = top-level decision making

• decentralization = distributed decision-making

zplnomocnit ho k něčemu

authorize / empower - to give official permission or power

zrušit, odvolat příkaz

overrule / countermand / to override a previous order

obejít koho/co

to bypass sb/sth - to go around a direct supervisor to a higher authority

Tomáš obešel svého přímého nadřízeného a napsal přímo řediteli.

Thomas bypassed his manager and wrote straight to the director.

uposlechnout příkaz

to obey an order

řídit se pravidly

to obey rules

zmocnit, zplnomocnit

to empower (giving authority to act)

přidělit úkol

allocate a task / assign a task / delegate a task

oprávnit

authorize

svěřit komu co (úkol, dítě atp.)

to entrust sb with sth / sth to sb -

určit zástupce, zastupovat

to deputize

zaskakovat za koho

deputize for / to fill in for sb (The Foreign Minister will be deputizing for the Prime Minister while he recovers form his operation. I’m filling in for Joe for a few days.)

odsunout, přeřadit, sesadit koho/co kam (na podřadnější místo)

relegate sb/sth to sth (Carlo has been relegated to a more junior position in the company)

mít mandát něco udělat

to have a mandate to do sth

jednat něčím jménem

acting on behalf of

What is bureaucracy?

A system with rules and ways of doing things.

Most Common Company Types

• LLC (Limited Liability Company)

• Ltd. (Private Limited Company)

• Corp./Inc. (Joint-Stock Company or Corporation) - often used for larger businesses, minimal capital requirement is 1mil. CZK

• JSC (joint-stock company) - business entity with capital divided into shares

• NPO (Non-profit organization)

• Public benefit org.

• Charitable trust/society/organization

OSVČ

sole proprietor / self-employed

živnostenský list

trade licence - required for most business activities, usually obtained from the Trade Licensing Office

omezené ručení

Limited Liability

neomezené ručení

unlimited liability

právnická osoba

legal entity / person

fyzická osoba

natural person

obchodní rejstřík

commercial register

základní kapitál

registered capital

akcionáři

shareholders

jednatel

executive director / managing director

představenstvo / správní rada

board of directors

dozorčí rada

supervisory board

valná hromada

general meeting / assembly

zakladatelská listina

founder’s deed

Tom je můj přímý konkurent.

Tom is my direct competitor.

Toto je politika naší firmy.

This is the company’s/firm’s policy

Je čerstvý absolvent gymnázia.

He is a recent grammar school graduate.

Mixuje polévku v mixéru, než bude jemná.

Blend the soup in a blender until it has smooth texture.

Byl tam sympatický kuchař.

There was a nice cook.

V uplynulých letech dal desítky autogramů.

In recent years he has given dozens of autographs in the last several years.

Další informace najdete na zadní straně formuláře.

You will find further information on the back of the form.

Robert je citlivý šéf.

Robert is a sensitive boss.

Moje sestra miluje chození v přírodě.

My sister loves walking in the countryside.

Šla jsem k doktorovi, aby mi dal recept na antikoncepci.

I went to doctor for a contraceptive prescription.

Naše země má celou řadu ekonomických problémů.

Our country has a number / series of economic problems.

formal x informal hierarchy of power

• formal = base on your position in the company

We are currently seeking _ funding for our next…

no article

Did you contact _Ministry of Culture regarding _grants available for 2026?

the, the

_ European Union provides…

The

Managing _ National Gallery requires both_ artistic vision and _ business acumen (prozíravost).

the, an, no artical

_price of _ oil painting often depends on_ artist’s previous auction records.

the, an, the

We need to hire_ expert in _ intellectual property…

an, –

_creativity is essential, but _transparency in _financial reporting…

–, –, –

Is this _first time the museum has hosted _open-air festival?

the, an

_most successful curators often think outside _box

the, the

She is currently_intern at_Rudolfinum, but she wants to become_director one day.

an, the, a

_ reputation is _most valuable asset_art dealer can have.

–, the, an

We are planning to launch_marketing campaign on_Instagram next_month.

a, –, –

Are you attending_opening night at_DOX....

the, the

_information about_ticket sales is stored in_cloud.

–,–, the

In_art world, _networking often leads to_unexpected opportunities.

the,–, –

It takes_courage to invest in_emerging artists during_economic crisis.

–, –, an

_PR manager we hired has_experience in_classical music sector.

the, –, the

I have_appointment with_head of_Finance Department at 2:00 PM.

an, the, the

_Louvre is located in_central Paris, near_Seine.

the, –, the

_success of_project depends on_quality of_teamwork.

the, the, the, –

gig economy

a labor market characterized by short-term contracts or freelance work, common in the arts.

retention

the ability of an arts org. to keep its talented staff from leaving for other venues

onboarding

the process of intergrating a new curator or manager into the gallery’s culture

appraisal

a formal session to evaluate a staff member’s performance and creative contributions

volunteers

people who work without pay (often essential for staffing festivals(

nabírací fáze

recruitment

volné místo

vacancy

pohyb zaměstnanců

turnover

plat

pay / remuneration

měkké dovednosti

soft skills

na volné noze

freelance

zkušební doba

trial period

DPP x DPČ

agreement to complete a job / to perform a work

výpovědní lhůta

notice period

benefity

benefits