Wk. 4 - Care of People with Dementia & Delirium

What is the definition of dementia?

A cognitive disorder characterized by memory impairment and at least one other affected domain, causing a decline in function and interfering with daily life.

How many people worldwide have dementia?

Over 55 million.

How many new cases of dementia occur annually worldwide?

Nearly 10 million.

How many Americans currently have Alzheimer’s disease?

Approximately 6.7 million.

What is the projected number of Alzheimer’s cases in the U.S. by 2050?

12.7 million.

Name three neurodegenerative diseases that cause dementia.

Alzheimer’s, Dementia with Lewy Bodies, and Frontotemporal Dementia.

What is a non-neurodegenerative cause of dementia?

Vascular dementia (caused by strokes or vascular issues).

What percentage of dementia cases are linked to modifiable risk factors?

Approximately 35%.

Name three modifiable risk factors for dementia.

Smoking, hypertension, and poor diet.

How does hearing loss contribute to dementia risk?

It increases cognitive load and reduces social interaction, accelerating cognitive decline.

What is the definition of delirium?

A sudden disturbance in attention and cognition, often caused by medical conditions, medication side effects, or substance withdrawal.

What is a key difference between delirium and dementia?

Delirium has a rapid onset (hours to days), while dementia progresses gradually over years.

Name three common causes of delirium.

Fluid/electrolyte imbalances, infections, and metabolic disorders.

What substance withdrawal can cause delirium tremens?

Alcohol withdrawal.

What are three key features of delirium?

Rapid onset, fluctuating symptoms, and impaired focus.

What are two common communication challenges in dementia?

Difficulty finding words and substituting incorrect words.

How can nurses help dementia patients with word-finding difficulties?

Supply missing words or ask them to describe the object.

What are three common behavioral triggers in dementia patients?

Strange environments, loud noises, and feeling rushed.

Name two strategies to prevent behavioral disturbances in dementia.

Adjust the environment and provide structured activities.

What are the three general stages of dementia?

Early, moderate, and severe

Name two orientation tools used for delirium patients.

Clocks and calendars.

What is an important environmental strategy for preventing delirium?

Provide cognitive stimulation but avoid overstimulation.

Why should nighttime disturbances be minimized in delirium patients?

To maintain sleep hygiene and prevent confusion.

What are two key safety interventions for delirium patients?

Reduce fall risks and ensure a caregiver is present.

What percentage of caregivers for dementia patients are age 65 or older?

About 30%.

What percentage of dementia caregivers live with the person they care for?

66%.

What is the "sandwich generation" in dementia caregiving?

Adults caring for both aging parents and children.

What percentage of dementia-related costs are covered by families?

70%.

Name two support options for dementia caregivers.

Respite care and caregiver support groups.

What is a behavioral management strategy for delirium patients experiencing hallucinations?

Validate their feelings rather than argue.