Reversible reactiosn and synamic equilibrium

What is a closed system?

Nothing can enter and/ or nothing can leave the reaction vessel

What is ment by the term equilibrium?

* The forward and backward reaction
* at exactky the same time
* in a closed system
* so the concentration of the reactants and products remain constant

What happens if the concentration is changed in the equilibrium

If the concentration of one of the reactants or products is changed, the system is no longer at equilibrium and the concentration of all the substances will change until equilibrium is reached again.

When a reversible reaction reaches equilibrium, it appears to have stopped. why is that?

The dorward and backwards reaction occur at the same time so there is no overall change in the quantities of reactants and products

(The Haber process)

Explain what happens to the amount of ammonia produced at the equilibrium if the pressure is increased.

N2 (g) = 3H2 <> 2NH3

* The amount of ammonia increases / yield increases
* because the equilibrium moves to the side of the equation wuth fewer gaseous moles/ molecules;
* As the system opposes the change (according to le Chatelier’s principle)
* By favourint the forward reaction.

Explain what effect increasing the pressure would have on the yield of product at the equilibrium.

* Increasing the pressure would increase the yield of the product
* because the position of the equilibrium moves in the direction of the lower numbers of moles of gas/fewer molecules

Explain what would happen to the yield of product if temperature is increased.

the forward reaction is exothermic.

* The yield of the product will be decreased
* since the forward reaction is exothermic
* the system opposes the change (according to le Chatelier's principle)
* by favoring the backwards reaction

What is le Chatelier’s principle?

if a system is at equilibrium and a change is made to the conditions, then the system responds to counteract the change.