diagnostic imaging test 1

inventor of the x ray

wilhelm roentgen

year x ray invented

1895

what first x ray was taken of

hand

(whilhelm’s wife)

x ray penetration

penetrates most matter

fluorescence

chemicals causing x ray to emit light

energy that travels in waves through space at the speed of light

electromagnetic radiation

x rays have ___ wavelength and ___ energy

short wavelength

high energy

x ray speed

x rays move at speed of light

what x rays do to matter

ionize matter

(can damage cells and dna)

x ray travel direction

straight line

x ray inverse square law

radiation intensity inversely proportional to square of distance from source

x ray cannot be ___

deflected

(x ray are electromagnetic waves not charged particles so do not have charge to interact)

instantaneous production of light resulting from interaction of energy

fluorescence

avg person receives ___ m/rem radiation/year

620

(half from natural)

(55% radon 11% xrays)

x ray risks

biological

genetic

cellular

molecular

highly radiosensitive cells

lymphocytes

immature rbc

reproductive cells

moderately radiosensitive cells

epithelial cells

low radiosensitivity cells

muscle cells

nerve cells

how wilhelm roentgen invented x ray

accidentally using cathode ray tube

single image of everything it penetrates through

xray

computed tomography

CT

cone of x rays spins around patient

CT

CT is good for

clots

tumors

heart disease

removal of electron/neg charge from atom

ionization

x ray cell effects

cell death

reproductive death through cessation of mitosis

time following radiation event before 1st detectable effect

latent period

(long or short term)

latent period depends on

absorption rate (single dose vs divided exposure)

area exposed (whole body vs limited area)

cell sensitivity variation (immature vs mature cells)

opaque to radiation

block radiation from passing through

radiopaque

(white appearance on x ray)

radiopaque materials

(high density)

bone

metal

transparent to x rays

radiolucent

(black appearance)

soft tissues

air

degree of darkness

density

substance to enhance visibility of structures on an x ray

contrast