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20 Terms
1
Berlin Wall
A barrier erected by the Soviet Union between East and West Berlin to prevent people from fleeing the East, symbolizing the Cold War until its fall in 1989.
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2
PLO (Palestinian Liberation Organization)
An organization aimed at uniting Arabs and liberating Palestine from Israeli control.
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3
OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)
An international oil cartel primarily composed of Arab nations that collaborates to protect their oil interests.
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4
Common Market
Established in 1957 by the Treaty of Rome, it aimed to reduce trade barriers among European nations.
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5
GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)
A legal agreement to promote international trade by reducing trade barriers, evolving into the World Trade Organization in 1995.
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6
ARVN (Army of the Republic of Vietnam)
The military force of South Vietnam during the Vietnam War.
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7
Modernization theory
The idea that economic reforms can lead to social and political changes, including democracy, used to justify U.S. policies in developing countries.
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8
Bay of Pigs
A failed military invasion of Cuba by CIA-trained forces in April 1961, intended to overthrow Castro.
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9
Cuban Missile Crisis
A 1962 confrontation between the U.S. and the Soviet Union over missile installations in Cuba, leading to a near-nuclear conflict.
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10
New Frontier
Kennedy's domestic program focusing on education, healthcare, urban renewal, and civil rights, which struggled to pass in Congress.
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11
Supply side economics
Economic theory advocating for tax cuts and deregulation to stimulate growth, also known as trickle-down economics.
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12
Space Race
The competition between the U.S. and USSR to achieve significant milestones in space exploration.
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13
Limited Test Ban Treaty
An agreement prohibiting all above-ground nuclear tests, signed by the U.S., USSR, and UK.
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14
Lunch Counter sit-ins
Civil rights protests aimed at desegregating private businesses and lunch counters.
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15
Freedom Riders
Civil rights activists who challenged segregated bus terminals in the South through bus trips in 1961.
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16
16th Street Baptist Church
The site of a bombing in Birmingham, Alabama, that killed four little girls, highlighting racial violence.
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17
Letter from a Birmingham Jail
A letter by Martin Luther King Jr. addressing the need for civil rights activism and the urgency of justice.
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18
Freedom Summer
A 1964 voter registration initiative designed to boost Black voter registration in Mississippi, organized by CORE and SNCC.
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19
March on Washington
A significant civil rights demonstration led by Martin Luther King Jr. in 1963, advocating for civil rights legislation.
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20
1964 Civil Rights Act
Legislation that outlawed segregation in public facilities and strengthened federal enforcement of desegregation.
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