Middle Ages 2

When did the Middle Ages take place?

500 to 1500 AD

Why is the period also known as the Dark Ages?

Because many books and records were lost and scientific progress slowed down, leading to economic problems.

What was the Classical Period?

A time of great achievements; considered 'bright times' due to accomplishments in art and architecture.

What is feudalism?

A social, economic, and political system based on land exchange for loyalty/service that dominated Europe during the Middle Ages.

Who was part of the feudal system?

Kings/Queens, Lords/Barons, Vassals, Knights, and Peasants/Serfs.

Why did feudalism develop in Europe?

Due to invasions after the Roman Empire's fall, necessitating local power for protection.

What roles did the Roman Catholic Church take on during the Middle Ages?

Held authority, provided education, influenced politics, and built architecture.

What was one method the Pope could use to influence political leaders?

Excommunication.

What was a major criticism of the Church during the later Middle Ages?

The Church was corrupt, and some clergy sold indulgences.

Describe life on the manor during the Middle Ages.

Peasants farmed, manors were self-sufficient estates, and life revolved around agriculture.

What was the impact of the Crusades on Europe?

Increased trade and exchange of ideas.

What was the Hundred Years’ War?

A conflict between England and France over control of the French throne lasting 116 years.

Who was Joan of Arc?

A peasant girl who led the French army to lift the siege of Orleans and inspired the troops.

What was the Magna Carta?

A document created in 1215 that declared that everyone, including the king, had to obey the laws.

What does Habeas Corpus mean?

Part of due process that ensures a fair trial, a lawyer, and protection against false imprisonment.

Describe life on the city during the middle ages

Craftsmen, merchants, lawyers, bakers lived in cities.
Wealthy children were tutored others went to school.
Expanded trade evolved into an economy.
Guilds controlled trade and provided training.
City life provided social mobility.

Kings/Queens

Held authority and land.

Lords/Barons

Governed land received from the king.

Vassals

Granted land by lords for military service.

Knights

Served lords, followed chivalry

Peasants/Serfs

Farmed the land; serfs were tied to the land