DRRR Lesson 3.3: Types of Hazards

Magnitude

refers to the strength and power of an earthquake to which we can predict the level of destruction

Intensity

measures the severity of an earthquake

Richter Magnitude Scale

this measures the released energy in an earthquake

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI)

this measures volcanic explosive eruptions

Fujita Sale

this rates the intensity of hurricanes

Color Codes or Numbers

for typhoons or rainfall, this serves as warnings

Advisories

this reports the size and severity of the hazard

Onset of hazards, its duration, and frequency based historical records

This is utilized to describe and predict the occurrence of hazards

Size of population, type of structures and their number

If the magnitude of a hazard does not define its impact on people and infrastructures, then what determines the impact of a hazard?

Physical, social, economic, and environmental elements

Levels of impact of hazards depends on its interaction with the?

Interactions between the hazard and the element increases

Disaster risk increases when?

Physical Impact

This includes the destruction or damage to infrastructure such as facilities, transport systems, roads and bridges, communication systems, water supply systems, and energy supplies and power lines. Housing and tangible human assets belong to this impact. Mortality, human injuries, and health impacts are also classified under this.

Socio-cultural Impact

Hazards can disrupt human and community activities. Populations like ethnic groups are displaced and are forced to migrate and adapt to a new culture and environment. This may cause a loss of cultural identity and conflicts. All of these cause human stress.

Economic Impact

The disruption of --- activities will harm investments and opportunities, production capacities, supply and flow of resources, and delivery of services and goods. This will lead to loss of livelihood and increased poverty.

Environmental Impact

Hazards can change the physical features of land and water forms. Tributaries can be permanently flooded, or coastlines can take a new shape or appearance. Land surfaces in both urban and mountainous areas can lose their permeability surfaces which bring flooding and landslides. Hazards affect biodiversity, ecosystem balance, and its sustainability.

Biological Impact

A hazard or a disaster can cause another form of hazard to happen. Explosion of nuclear reactor caused by reactor, epidemics, spread of viral or bacterial diseases.