Water and Fat-Soluble Vitamins

What clients are at risk of vitamin soluble substances deficiencies?

Clients with cystic fibrosis, crohn’s disease, and celiac disease.  

Vitamin A contributes to

vision health, tissue strength, and embryonic development

Deficiency of vitamin A

GI disturbances, xerophthalmia, and vision changes

Function of vitamin D

Absorption of calcium, phosphorus, and aids in bone mineralization

Deficiencies in vitamin D

Hypercalcemia, rickets, and osteomalcia

Vitamin E preserve

Lung and RBC membrane

Vitamin E deficiency

Anemia, edema, skin lesions on infants

Vitamin K sources

Carrots, eggs, and dark green vegetables

Mineral

inorganic elements, every cellular level of metabolic process

Seven major minerals

Sulfur, chloride, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and sodium

Electrolytes

Charged minerals that cause physiological affects to maintain homeostasis

Excess potassium

arrythmia, numbness of extremity, confusion, and irritability

Nurse intervention for high potassium

Cardiac monitor and ECG, and oral preparations to minimize GI disturbances

Foods with potassium

Oranges, tomatoes, meats, avocados, and dried fruits.

Chloride function

Assist in ICF and ECF, and aid in acid-based balance and digestion

Excess amounts and nurse intervention

Vomiting, and monitor sodium levels

Calcium

Bone/teeth formation, blood pressure, blood clotting, and nerve transmission

Excess ca

Constipation and renal stones

Nurse intervention for ca

monitor ECG and respiratory status, PO tabs of vitamin D

Magnesium

Muscle and nerve function

Deficiency of magnesium

Weakness, dysrhythmia, and hypertension

Excess magnesium

diarrhea, hypotension, and bradycardia

Phosphorus

Energy transfer of RNA/DNA, acid based balanced

Nursing intervention for phosphorus abnormalities

Evaluate use of antacids and use of alcohol

Sulfur

By-product for protein metabolism

Sulfur major source

Protein

Metabolic functions of protein

Tissue building and maintenance

balance of nitrogen and water

support metabolic process

support immune system

Influence body requirements of protein

Quality of dietary protein

Tissue growth needs

Illnesses

Function of vitamins

Catalyst to metabolic function and chemical reaction

Two classes of vitamins

Water soluble: Vitamin C and B-Complex

Water insoluble: A,D,E, and K

Vitamin B-Complex affect

Metabolism, energy, and neurological function

Iodine and food sources

For synthesis of thyroxine, the thyroid hormone that regulates metabolism

Seafood

Iron

Responsible for oxygen distribution to hemoglobin and myoglobin

If taken iron supplements what should nurses encourage? Iron consist of two forms

Fresh fruits, vegetables, and high fiber diets

Heme, “poultry, fish meat,” and non-heme “ and grains, legumes, vegetables

Fluoride

bonds with calcium and accumulates in calcified body tissue

Where does water leave our body?

Kidneys, skin, lung, and feces. As well as vomiting and bleeding

Woman and male fluid intake?

Females should have 2.7L and males should have 3.7 fluids a day.

Assessment for proper hydration

orthostatic blood pressure, I&O, mental status, and moistness of mucous membrane

Phytonutrients food sources

fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Found in plant sources

Trace elements

Iron, iodine, zinc, copper, and manganese