Chapter 1: Introduction to System Analysis and Design

Quiz 2

Information Technology

refers to the combination of hardware, software and services that people use to manage, communicate, and share information

It is driving the rise of a new digital economy powered by advancements in hardware, software, and connectivity

How does Systems Analysis and Design influence Future Accounting Professionals?

1. Be active participants in system development

2. Evaluate and Improve systems

3. Ensure Data Accuracy and Reliability

4. Adapt to technology-driven accounting 

SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN (SAD)

Step-by-step process for developing high-quality information systems

Information System

Combines technology, people, and data to provide support for business functions such as order processing, inventory control, human resources, accounting, and many more

System Analysts

• Plan, develop, Maintain IS

• Plan and process in maintaining - yung mga need sa maintenance “lead sa grupo”

System

Set of related components that produce specific results

Data (Unprocessed)

consists of basic facts that are the system’s raw material

Information (Processed)

is data that has been transformed into output that is valuable to users.

Mission-Critical System

one that is vital to company’s operation

Hardware

Tangible; consists of everything in physical layer of the information system

Software

Intangible; refers to the program that controls the hardware and produces the desired information or results.

System Softwares

supports system of the business process

Application Softwares

1. Enterprise applications

2. Horizontal system

3. Vertical system

Processes

define the tasks and business functions

People

those that interact with the information system

Business today is being shaped by three major trends:

1. Rapidly increasing globalization

2. Technology integration for seamless information access

3. rapid growth of cloud-based computing and software services

Internet based-system

involve various hardware and software designs, but a typical model is a series of webpages that provides a user interface which communicates with database management software and a web-based data server

B2C (Business to Consumer)

Consumers can go online to purchase an enormous variety of products and services. This new shopping environment allows customers to do research, compare prices and features, check availability, arrange delivery, and choose payment methods in a single convenient session. 

B2B (Business-to-Business)

• Although the business-to-consumer (B2C) sector is more familiar to retailer customers, the volume of business-to-business transactions is many times greater

  • Mga wholesale

Modeling Business Operations

• Systems analysts use modeling to represent company operations and information needs. Business process modeling involves a business profile and a set of models that document business operations

Business profile

• is an overview of a company’s mission, functions, organization, products, services, customers, suppliers, competitors, constraints, and future direction

Business Processes Model (BPM)

• Graphically displays one or more business processes, such as handling an airline reservation, filling a product order, or updating a customer account 

Office System

Administrative StaffO

Operational System

Operational People

Decision Support System

Middle Managers

Executive Information Systems

Top Manager

Enterprise computing systems

Refers to IS that support company-wider operations and data management requirements

• The main objective is to integrate a company’s primary functions to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and help managers make decisions

  • In many large companies, applications called enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems provide cost-effective support for users and managers throughout the company.

Transaction Processing Systems

• Process data generated by day-to-day business operations

  • Examples of TP systems include customer order processing, accounts receivable, and warranty claim processing. 

Business support system

Provide job-related information to users at all levels of a company

• Management information systems

• Radio frequency identification (RFID)

Knowledge Management system

Called expert system

• Use a large database called a knowledge base that allows users to find information by entering keywords or questions in normal

• English phrases

• Uses inference rules, which are logical rules that identify data patterns and relationships.

Top Managers

Develop strategic plans

(long-term goals, company directions)

Middle Managers & Knowledge Workers

Oversee departments and analyze data for decision-making

Supervisors & Team Leaders

Monitor daily operations and ensure work is done efficiently

Operational Employees

Perform routine tasks in production, sales, accounting, etc.

User productivity systems

• Technology that improves productivity such as email, voice mail, and web conferencing, word processing, automated calendars, database management, spreadsheets, desktop publishing, presentation graphics, company intranets, and integrated mobile computing systems 

Prototype

first version (initial version of your software) when it meets basic requirements

feedback is usually obtained from prototypes

Systems Development Life Cycle

 (SDLC)

Uses a set of process models to describe a system graphically

A process model shows the data that flows in and out of the system process. Inside each process, input data is transformed by business rules that generate the output.

Business rules are specific rules that each company has.

5 steps of SDLC model

systems planning

systems analysis

systems design

system implementation

systems support and security.

Objec-toriented analysis

• This combines data & processes into objects. — Properties are inherited

• Object is a member of a class

• Objects process properties

• Methods change on object’s properties

• A message requests specific behavior or information from another object.

Agile Methods

Attempt to develop a system incrementally, by building a series of prototypes and constantly adjusting them to user requirements.

• emphasizes continuous feedback, and each incremental step is affected by what was learned in the prior steps. Example: Scrum, Kanban, Extreme Programming (XP)

Joint Application Development & Rapid Application Development