Macromolecules / Biomolecules

Carbohydrate Elements & Structure

C, H, O

Carbohydrate Subunit/Monomers

Monosaccharides

Carbohydrate covalent bonds

Glycosidic Bonds

Carbohydrate Functions

Quick energy, structure, storage

Carbohydrate Examples

Sugar, honey, fruits

Lipid Elements & Structure

C, H, O

Lipid Monomer/Subunit

Glycerol + fatty acids

Lipid covalent bond

Ester bonds

Lipid functions

High energy storage, body insulation, organ protection

Lipid examples

Butter, oil, wax

Protein Elements & Structure

C, H, O, N, S

Protein subunit/monomer

Amino acids

Protein covalent bonds

Peptide bonds

Protein functions

Movement, immunity, structure, transport, enzymes

Protein examples

Seafood, eggs

Nucleic Acid Elements & Structure

Sugar, phosphate, base

Nucleic Acid monomer/subunit

Nucleotides

Nucleic Acid covalent bond

Hydrogen bonds

Nucleic Acid functions

storage & express genetic info

Nucleic Acid Examples

DNA & RNA

Pyrimidine Nucleotides

C, T (in DNA), & U (in RNA) ; one six-membered ring of carbon & nitrogen atoms

Purine Nucleotides

A, G ; longer w/ six membered ring fused to five membered ring

Monomer

subunit of polymers

Polymer

long molecule w/ many similar monomers joined by covalent bonds

Hydrolysis

breaks bonds between two molecules by adding water