Persuasion and the war of words

What were the 2 positive approaches?

Persuading and informing

What did Mary and Pole believe that errant Protestants need?

To have the error of there ways pointed out to them

What did Pole institute a number of measures to do?

Improove the quality of the Church itself

What policy was throughout Mary’s reign?

Policy of censorship

What did 2 of her earliest proclamations forbade July 1553?

The printing of seditious rumours

What were they an index of?

proscribed writers

What was declared towards the end of the reign?

Possession of treasonable books would result in the death penalty

What did Several Acts of Parliament do?

Made slander of Mary or Philip punishable as treason and created commissions to enquire heresy

What was the second aspect of controlling information concerned with?

Suppressing Protestant words

How many copies of the 1552 Prayer Book were estimated to be in circulation?

19000

What hampered efforts to control literature?

A lack of consistency

What attempts to control literature took place?

Prosecutions of ‘seditious’ writers did take place and attempt to prevent the smuggling of books

Who were Latimer and Ridley?

Imprisoned Protestant leaders in Oxford

What were they able to do?

Write pamphlets and letters which were circulated outside

Where were most Protestant writings published and what did they outweigh?

Abroad and outweighed the Mario ones

What was sponsored at St Paul’s Cross in London?

A number of sermons

What did Gardiner announce at St Paul’s Cross in London?

The reconciliation with Rome Dec 1554

What did pro-govt writers publish?

Tracts in defence of the regime

What tract did Miles Hogarde publish?

The Displaying of the Protestants in 1556

Was the attempts of govt to win the war of words an ultimate success or failure?

Failure

What did Mary fail to do?

Cultivate the awe of monarchy or inspire intellectuals

What had only few of her advisors done?

Studied abroad

What did this mean for the majority of her advisors?

Had narrow intellect and a lack of debating skills

What practical problems did govt have and why?

Only half as many printers in Mary’s reign as before as protestant took their printers out of England on her accession

What was Pole’s priority?

Clergy to have all the publications they needed

What did printers struggle to keep up with?

The demand of producing tracts