Chapter 9: Motivation and Emotion

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms and concepts related to motivation and emotion as discussed in Chapter 9 of the lecture notes.

Motive

A force that leads an individual to behave in a particular way.

Instinct

A genetically endowed tendency to behave in a particular way.

Homeostasis

The body’s tendency to maintain internal equilibrium through various forms of self-regulation.

Drive Theory

The theory that suggests drives are states of internal bodily tension that motivate behavior.

Drive-reduction

A behavior that reduces a drive and helps return the body to equilibrium.

Pain matrix

A distributed network of brain regions that responds to many types of pain.

Intrinsically rewarding

Pursued for its own sake, such as enjoying the experience.

Extrinsically rewarding

Pursued because of external rewards that are not part of the activity itself.

Glucostatic hypothesis

The hypothesis that hunger and eating are regulated by monitoring blood glucose levels.

Dual-center theory

The theory that the lateral hypothalamus is the 'go' center for eating and the ventromedial hypothalamus is the 'stop' center.

Adipose tissue

Fat cells that play a crucial role in governing hunger and energy balance.

Leptin

A hormone that signals when there is plenty of fat in storage.

Ghrelin

A hormone secreted by the stomach lining that stimulates eating.

Body weight set point

The weight an organism seeks to maintain despite changes in dietary intake.

Loneliness

A feeling that arises from the perception of being alone, impacting mental and physical health.

Performance orientation

A motivational stance focused on performing well and appearing smart.

Mastery orientation

A motivational stance focused on learning and improvement regardless of performance.

Fixed mindset

The belief that abilities are fixed and unchangeable.

Growth mindset

The belief that abilities can change and grow with experience.

Maslow's hierarchy of motives

The order in which needs must be met, progressing from basic needs to self-actualization.

Emotion

The coordinated behaviors, feelings, and physiological changes relevant to personal goals.

Display rules

Cultural rules governing the expression of emotion.

Discrete emotions approach

An approach analyzing emotions as specific and categorically distinct.

Dimensional approach

An approach analyzing emotions based on dimensions like pleasantness and activation.

Happiness set point

The characteristic level of happiness for an individual.

James-Lange theory

The theory that emotions result from physiological reactions in the body.

Cannon-Bard theory

The theory that emotions and bodily responses occur simultaneously.

Schachter-Singer theory

The theory that emotion arises from interpreting bodily responses in context.

Emotion regulation

The attempt to modify aspects of the emotion-response trajectory.

Suppression

An emotion regulation strategy that inhibits ongoing emotion-expressive behavior.

Reappraisal

An emotion regulation strategy that alters the meaning of a situation to change the emotional response.